{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2976700519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194164","title":"High Precision Timing with Parabolic Equation Fitting in Narrowband Systems","display_name":"High Precision Timing with Parabolic Equation Fitting in Narrowband Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2976700519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194164","mag":"2976700519","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19194164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4164/pdf?version=1569556508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4164/pdf?version=1569556508","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077999246","display_name":"Jun Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-9197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387706","display_name":"Chen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0263-1872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077999246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09604283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"19","first_page":"4164","last_page":"4164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-prefix","display_name":"Cyclic prefix","score":0.7895251512527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrowband","display_name":"Narrowband","score":0.7138270139694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5950024724006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.5933191180229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist\u2013shannon-sampling-theorem","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","score":0.5767638683319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist-rate","display_name":"Nyquist rate","score":0.5474269986152649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5279135704040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5074374079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46987682580947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pilot-signal","display_name":"Pilot signal","score":0.4602905511856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.45677560567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.432379812002182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.416731059551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3846367299556732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18941521644592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1427937150001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08122298121452332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5198224","display_name":"Cyclic prefix","level":4,"score":0.7895251512527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140483","display_name":"Narrowband","level":2,"score":0.7138270139694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5950024724006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5933191180229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C288623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679800","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","level":2,"score":0.5767638683319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65914096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6273772","display_name":"Nyquist rate","level":4,"score":0.5474269986152649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5279135704040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5074374079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46987682580947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197264572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2095206","display_name":"Pilot signal","level":3,"score":0.4602905511856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.45677560567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.432379812002182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.416731059551239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3846367299556732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18941521644592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1427937150001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08122298121452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19194164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4164/pdf?version=1569556508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31557957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:022b033eb7204b21831bf015d6eea672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/022b033eb7204b21831bf015d6eea672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 19, p 4164 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/19/4164/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6806300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6806300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19194164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194164","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4164/pdf?version=1569556508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8884127735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2976700519.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2976700519.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040649307","https://openalex.org/W2138706041","https://openalex.org/W2562952644","https://openalex.org/W2586903650","https://openalex.org/W2596324967","https://openalex.org/W2612886849","https://openalex.org/W2617375899","https://openalex.org/W2712816374","https://openalex.org/W2770964761","https://openalex.org/W2793332519","https://openalex.org/W2797309738","https://openalex.org/W2866555282","https://openalex.org/W2890712569","https://openalex.org/W2895454920","https://openalex.org/W2899478246","https://openalex.org/W2900989188","https://openalex.org/W2912110012","https://openalex.org/W2932544900","https://openalex.org/W2943956377","https://openalex.org/W2962679049","https://openalex.org/W2963054139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394449677","https://openalex.org/W2368043784","https://openalex.org/W2576230203","https://openalex.org/W3015557210","https://openalex.org/W2982329731","https://openalex.org/W2009568739","https://openalex.org/W1570358496","https://openalex.org/W2388643643","https://openalex.org/W2795913985","https://openalex.org/W2169591538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Timing":[0],"forms":[1],"the":[2,36,48,54,65,70,78,98,108,111],"basis":[3],"of":[4,56,110],"wireless":[5],"communication":[6],"systems.":[7],"Orthogonal":[8],"frequency":[9],"division":[10],"multiplexing":[11],"(OFDM)":[12],"technology":[13],"has":[14],"strict":[15],"requirements":[16],"for":[17],"synchronization":[18],"performance,":[19],"and":[20,28,45,69,132],"timing":[21,37,41,68,99,117,130],"errors":[22],"lead":[23],"to":[24,53,96,121,128],"interference":[25],"between":[26,64],"subcarriers":[27],"symbols.":[29],"Although":[30],"cyclic":[31],"prefix":[32],"(CP)":[33],"can":[34,46,74],"relax":[35],"requirement,":[38],"high":[39],"precision":[40,100],"is":[42,60,119,133],"still":[43],"necessary":[44],"release":[47],"pressure":[49],"on":[50,135],"CP.":[51],"Due":[52],"uncertainty":[55],"signal":[57],"arrival,":[58],"there":[59],"a":[61,82,91],"sampling":[62,66,84,113],"offset":[63],"sample's":[67],"real":[71],"timing,":[72],"which":[73],"be":[75],"large":[76],"in":[77,101],"narrowband":[79,102],"system":[80],"with":[81,123],"low":[83,124],"rate.":[85,114],"In":[86],"this":[87],"paper,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"parabolic":[92],"equation":[93],"fitting":[94],"method":[95,118],"improve":[97],"systems":[103],"that":[104],"have":[105],"two":[106],"times":[107],"rate":[109],"Nyquist":[112],"The":[115],"proposed":[116],"easy":[120],"implement,":[122],"additional":[125],"complexity":[126],"compared":[127],"traditional":[129,136],"detection":[131],"based":[134],"direct":[137],"correlator":[138],"output.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}