{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973271139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19184021","title":"Improved Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition Algorithm for Intelligent Vehicles","display_name":"Improved Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition Algorithm for Intelligent Vehicles","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973271139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19184021","mag":"2973271139","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31540378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19184021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19184021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/18/4021/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/18/4021/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049366082","display_name":"Jingwei Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-5524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwei Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-5524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049560488","display_name":"Chuanxue Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanxue Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068093029","display_name":"Silun Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-5447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100623426","display_name":"Feng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1847-504X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1847-504X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101407169","display_name":"Shixin Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7250-2681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shixin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101407169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":9.8239,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98242545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"18","first_page":"4021","last_page":"4021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.8194769620895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6853805184364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6014276146888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5679969787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.5442725419998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.5395973920822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.5093096494674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4481547772884369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32653921842575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.2747143507003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2089526355266571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.8194769620895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6853805184364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6014276146888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5679969787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.5442725419998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.5395973920822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.5093096494674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4481547772884369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32653921842575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2747143507003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2089526355266571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19184021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19184021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/18/4021/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31540378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31540378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c7e0971186c48ecabad333bae8bf10e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c7e0971186c48ecabad333bae8bf10e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 18, p 4021 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/18/4021/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19184021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6767627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6767627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19184021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19184021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/18/4021/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4637464355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 201501037JC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7593846718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201501037JC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8630064649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 201501037JC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973271139.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973271139.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109631583","https://openalex.org/W110607636","https://openalex.org/W1977610018","https://openalex.org/W1995080901","https://openalex.org/W2042950940","https://openalex.org/W2053656441","https://openalex.org/W2056862136","https://openalex.org/W2066327668","https://openalex.org/W2073075915","https://openalex.org/W2109909336","https://openalex.org/W2111066513","https://openalex.org/W2148308609","https://openalex.org/W2170028728","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2245166388","https://openalex.org/W2317354861","https://openalex.org/W2480140235","https://openalex.org/W2538864697","https://openalex.org/W2563524763","https://openalex.org/W2588221994","https://openalex.org/W2596537588","https://openalex.org/W2622826443","https://openalex.org/W2738135525","https://openalex.org/W2744049237","https://openalex.org/W2780415160","https://openalex.org/W2791560303","https://openalex.org/W2861713799","https://openalex.org/W2892078387","https://openalex.org/W2899884131","https://openalex.org/W2900489181","https://openalex.org/W2901638557","https://openalex.org/W2905337525","https://openalex.org/W2905343880","https://openalex.org/W2908882634","https://openalex.org/W2909368910","https://openalex.org/W2912512021","https://openalex.org/W2942425902","https://openalex.org/W2943159229","https://openalex.org/W2999442178","https://openalex.org/W3102207944","https://openalex.org/W3102762242","https://openalex.org/W4245899456","https://openalex.org/W6648812205","https://openalex.org/W6685038019","https://openalex.org/W6687483927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401096132","https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W4309650776","https://openalex.org/W4386037136","https://openalex.org/W3021119405","https://openalex.org/W4206608251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0,133],"sign":[1,16,36,52,122],"detection":[2,17,37],"and":[3,18,42,65,111,124,140,152,171,191,197,205,223],"recognition":[4,19,125,142,164,203],"are":[5,68,127,146,209],"crucial":[6],"in":[7],"the":[8,40,55,73,77,83,86,98,103,108,116,120,131,149,155,162,172,185,220,225,236],"development":[9,238],"of":[10,46,85,143,154,166,215,239],"intelligent":[11,22,240],"vehicles.":[12],"An":[13],"improved":[14,81],"traffic":[15,35,51,66,121,144,167,227],"algorithm":[20,187],"for":[21,50,61,235],"vehicles":[23],"is":[24,38,59,79,178,214],"proposed":[25,186],"to":[26,218],"address":[27],"problems":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30,97,115],"how":[31],"easily":[32],"affected":[33],"traditional":[34],"by":[39,93],"environment,":[41],"poor":[43],"real-time":[44,192],"performance":[45],"deep":[47],"learning-based":[48],"methodologies":[49],"recognition.":[53],"Firstly,":[54],"HSV":[56],"color":[57],"space":[58],"used":[60],"spatial":[62],"threshold":[63],"segmentation,":[64],"signs":[67,145,168],"effectively":[69],"detected":[70],"based":[71,129],"on":[72,82,130],"shape":[74],"features.":[75],"Secondly,":[76],"model":[78,92],"considerably":[80],"basis":[84],"classical":[87],"LeNet-5":[88],"convolutional":[89,100],"neural":[90],"network":[91,156],"using":[94],"Gabor":[95],"kernel":[96],"initial":[99],"kernel,":[101],"adding":[102],"batch":[104],"normalization":[105],"processing":[106,174,207],"after":[107],"pooling":[109],"layer":[110],"selecting":[112],"Adam":[113],"method":[114],"optimizer":[117],"algorithm.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"classification":[123],"experiments":[126],"conducted":[128],"German":[132],"Sign":[134],"Recognition":[135],"Benchmark.":[136],"The":[137,201],"favorable":[138],"prediction":[139],"accurate":[141,163,202],"achieved":[147],"through":[148],"continuous":[150],"training":[151,199],"testing":[153],"model.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"that":[161],"rate":[165,204,222],"reaches":[169],"99.75%,":[170],"average":[173,206],"time":[175,208],"per":[176],"frame":[177],"5.4":[179],"ms.":[180],"Compared":[181],"with":[182],"other":[183],"algorithms,":[184],"has":[188],"remarkable":[189],"accuracy":[190],"performance,":[193],"strong":[194,232],"generalization":[195],"ability":[196],"high":[198],"efficiency.":[200],"markedly":[210],"improved.":[211],"This":[212],"improvement":[213],"considerable":[216],"importance":[217],"reduce":[219],"accident":[221],"enhance":[224],"road":[226],"safety":[228],"situation,":[229],"providing":[230],"a":[231],"technical":[233],"guarantee":[234],"steady":[237],"vehicle":[241],"driving":[242],"assistance.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
