{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970293506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173738","title":"Deep Learning and Machine Vision Approaches for Posture Detection of Individual Pigs","display_name":"Deep Learning and Machine Vision Approaches for Posture Detection of Individual Pigs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970293506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173738","mag":"2970293506","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31470571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19173738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173738","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/17/3738/pdf?version=1567068563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/17/3738/pdf?version=1567068563","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068088836","display_name":"Abozar Nasirahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abozar Nasirahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022731616","display_name":"Barbara Sturm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-1906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Sturm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037219390","display_name":"S.A. Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-0112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-0112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043386744","display_name":"Knut-H\u00e5kan Jeppsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Knut-H\u00e5kan Jeppsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028328447","display_name":"Anne-Charlotte Olsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-479X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I298625061","display_name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02yy8x990","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne-Charlotte Olsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I298625061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108372906","display_name":"Simone M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Animal Husbandry, Thuringian State Institute for Agriculture and Rural Development, 07743 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Animal Husbandry, Thuringian State Institute for Agriculture and Rural Development, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017705188","display_name":"Oliver Hensel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7732-0278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Hensel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068088836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":17.4882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99728124,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"17","first_page":"3738","last_page":"3738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12365","display_name":"Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7788571715354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7651003003120422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lying","display_name":"Lying","score":0.7586925625801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7315484285354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.6620236039161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6253422498703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5652471780776978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5435265898704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.49861907958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48083242774009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46635475754737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35428690910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09629681706428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07355538010597229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7788571715354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7651003003120422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119421448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268776","display_name":"Lying","level":2,"score":0.7586925625801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7315484285354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.6620236039161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6253422498703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5652471780776978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5435265898704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.49861907958984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48083242774009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46635475754737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35428690910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09629681706428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07355538010597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19173738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173738","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/17/3738/pdf?version=1567068563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31470571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31470571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:97c6f08980e044dc85c8005a24b520d5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/97c6f08980e044dc85c8005a24b520d5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 17, p 3738 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprint.ncl.ac.uk:259716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/17/3738/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6749226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6749226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19173738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173738","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/17/3738/pdf?version=1567068563","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1692980537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"696231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323499","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung und Landwirtschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4955703696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No 696231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6470781644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"696231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G793421191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Dnr 2017-00152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321033","funder_display_name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321033","display_name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","ror":"https://ror.org/03pjs1y45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323499","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung und Landwirtschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/04jw21793"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326464","display_name":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970293506.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970293506.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175078306","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1985405788","https://openalex.org/W1992619705","https://openalex.org/W1996548833","https://openalex.org/W2091991228","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2152918182","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2274287116","https://openalex.org/W2345833724","https://openalex.org/W2346684344","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2527150209","https://openalex.org/W2560162835","https://openalex.org/W2616251437","https://openalex.org/W2753403518","https://openalex.org/W2771389134","https://openalex.org/W2789367970","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2791489312","https://openalex.org/W2792806930","https://openalex.org/W2803113674","https://openalex.org/W2807025966","https://openalex.org/W2886982273","https://openalex.org/W2887850625","https://openalex.org/W2893064254","https://openalex.org/W2898509049","https://openalex.org/W2899609705","https://openalex.org/W2902012839","https://openalex.org/W2904452810","https://openalex.org/W2912130719","https://openalex.org/W2921553788","https://openalex.org/W2924240160","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6687483927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955910435","https://openalex.org/W2501458630","https://openalex.org/W2982312151","https://openalex.org/W4246089694","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Posture":[0],"detection":[1],"targeted":[2],"towards":[3],"providing":[4],"assessments":[5],"for":[6,141,176],"the":[7,44,52,76,146,154],"monitoring":[8,47],"of":[9,13,17,46,55,84,129,145,171,192],"health":[10],"and":[11,78,81,110,123,143,163,174,181,187],"welfare":[12],"pigs":[14,85],"has":[15],"been":[16],"great":[18],"interest":[19],"to":[20,59,74,160],"researchers":[21],"from":[22,135],"different":[23,136],"disciplines.":[24],"Existing":[25],"studies":[26],"applying":[27],"machine":[28],"vision":[29],"techniques":[30],"are":[31],"mostly":[32],"based":[33],"on":[34,179,183],"methods":[35],"using":[36],"three-dimensional":[37],"imaging":[38,64],"systems,":[39],"or":[40],"two-dimensional":[41,63],"systems":[42],"with":[43,67,98,117,166],"limitation":[45],"under":[48,86],"controlled":[49],"conditions.":[50,89],"Thus,":[51],"main":[53],"goal":[54],"this":[56],"study":[57],"was":[58,158],"determine":[60],"whether":[61],"a":[62],"system,":[65],"along":[66],"deep":[68,91],"learning":[69],"approaches,":[70],"could":[71],"be":[72],"utilized":[73],"detect":[75,161],"standing":[77,164],"lying":[79,162,178,182],"(belly":[80],"side)":[82],"postures":[83,165],"commercial":[87,137],"farm":[88],"Three":[90],"learning-based":[92],"detector":[93,108],"methods,":[94],"including":[95],"faster":[96],"regions":[97],"convolutional":[99,113],"neural":[100],"network":[101,114],"features":[102],"(Faster":[103],"R-CNN),":[104],"single":[105],"shot":[106],"multibox":[107],"(SSD)":[109],"region-based":[111],"fully":[112],"(R-FCN),":[115],"combined":[116],"Inception":[118,124],"V2,":[119],"Residual":[120],"Network":[121],"(ResNet)":[122],"ResNet":[125],"V2":[126],"feature":[127],"extractions":[128],"RGB":[130],"images":[131],"were":[132,139],"proposed.":[133],"Data":[134],"farms":[138],"used":[140],"training":[142],"validation":[144],"proposed":[147],"models.":[148],"The":[149],"experimental":[150],"results":[151],"demonstrated":[152],"that":[153],"R-FCN":[155],"ResNet101":[156],"method":[157],"able":[159],"higher":[167],"average":[168,189],"precision":[169,190],"(AP)":[170],"0.93,":[172],"0.95":[173],"0.92":[175],"standing,":[177],"side":[180],"belly":[184],"postures,":[185],"respectively":[186],"mean":[188],"(mAP)":[191],"more":[193],"than":[194],"0.93.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
