{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969313525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163613","title":"Fiber Ring Laser Directional Torsion Sensor with Ultra-Wide Linear Response","display_name":"Fiber Ring Laser Directional Torsion Sensor with Ultra-Wide Linear Response","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969313525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163613","mag":"2969313525","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163613","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3613/pdf?version=1566272390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3613/pdf?version=1566272390","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071028494","display_name":"Xianjin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-3576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55022517","display_name":"Heilongjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zyhq975","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianjin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-3576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038846309","display_name":"Fengjuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9331-7936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55022517","display_name":"Heilongjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zyhq975","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengjuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009342455","display_name":"Jiuru Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5572-934X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55022517","display_name":"Heilongjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zyhq975","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiuru Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5572-934X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441865","display_name":"Xudong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-9398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55022517","display_name":"Heilongjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zyhq975","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043233426","display_name":"Xiliang Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110609","display_name":"Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01rcvq140","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110609"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55022517","display_name":"Heilongjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zyhq975","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiliang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China","School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55022517"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009342455","https://openalex.org/A5043233426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110609","https://openalex.org/I55022517"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.9168,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73157372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"16","first_page":"3613","last_page":"3613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torsion","display_name":"Torsion (gastropod)","score":0.5819718837738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5633296370506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.4610092043876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-laser","display_name":"Fiber laser","score":0.41257408261299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.3857576251029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.37585949897766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22351393103599548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.2209988236427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06538209319114685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77461463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7827201","display_name":"Torsion (gastropod)","level":2,"score":0.5819718837738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5633296370506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.4610092043876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17163034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390528","display_name":"Fiber laser","level":3,"score":0.41257408261299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.3857576251029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.37585949897766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22351393103599548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2209988236427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06538209319114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163613","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3613/pdf?version=1566272390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31434195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5779842","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6720193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f030f313d764f898f3cc939ed05bf49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f030f313d764f898f3cc939ed05bf49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 16, p 3613 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/16/3613/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163613","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3613/pdf?version=1566272390","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G124197387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61302075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4572037364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61675066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6836095048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QC2015068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G693202870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61675066, 61302075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969313525.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969313525.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173550043","https://openalex.org/W1662296823","https://openalex.org/W1862197510","https://openalex.org/W1969979261","https://openalex.org/W1973057724","https://openalex.org/W1974197562","https://openalex.org/W1993180274","https://openalex.org/W2005389499","https://openalex.org/W2020686434","https://openalex.org/W2025447866","https://openalex.org/W2070153879","https://openalex.org/W2076952561","https://openalex.org/W2143815578","https://openalex.org/W2152902309","https://openalex.org/W2153523568","https://openalex.org/W2169358565","https://openalex.org/W2292463721","https://openalex.org/W2293969146","https://openalex.org/W2412299337","https://openalex.org/W2415977638","https://openalex.org/W2535860974","https://openalex.org/W2556941162","https://openalex.org/W2557055726","https://openalex.org/W2591428408","https://openalex.org/W2618036359","https://openalex.org/W2625087346","https://openalex.org/W2744643200","https://openalex.org/W2788136209","https://openalex.org/W2792106427","https://openalex.org/W2802657185","https://openalex.org/W2806887480","https://openalex.org/W2884269081","https://openalex.org/W2900893842","https://openalex.org/W2907665146","https://openalex.org/W2923748580","https://openalex.org/W2934943513","https://openalex.org/W2939357486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350991056","https://openalex.org/W1967724248","https://openalex.org/W2361263565","https://openalex.org/W2094759408","https://openalex.org/W2336591988","https://openalex.org/W4366773423","https://openalex.org/W2967276674","https://openalex.org/W2059638863","https://openalex.org/W1994975089","https://openalex.org/W2103929723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,61],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,12,30,37,133],"comprehensive":[4],"passive":[5],"torsion":[6,23,33,114],"measurement":[7],"is":[8,25,40,49,68,86,110],"performed":[9],"firstly":[10],"in":[11,45,125,146],"40-cm-long":[13],"polarization":[14],"maintaining":[15],"fiber-based":[16],"Sagnac":[17],"interferometer":[18],"(PMF-SI),":[19],"and":[20,27,42,74,112,118,128,139,150],"the":[21,47,52,58,63,77,90,101,113,126,147,151],"non-linear":[22],"response":[24,104],"found":[26],"investigated.":[28],"Then,":[29],"fiber":[31],"laser":[32],"sensor":[34],"(FLTS)":[35],"with":[36,121],"dual-ring-cavity":[38],"structure":[39],"proposed":[41,148],"experimentally":[43],"demonstrated,":[44],"which":[46],"PMF-SI":[48],"utilized":[50],"as":[51,55,57],"optical":[53],"filter":[54],"well":[56],"sensing":[59],"unit.":[60],"particular,":[62],"highly":[64],"sensitive":[65],"linear":[66,103],"range":[67],"adjusted":[69],"through":[70],"fine":[71],"phase":[72],"modulation,":[73],"owing":[75],"to":[76,107],"flat-top":[78],"feature":[79],"of":[80],"fringes,":[81],"an":[82],"~83.6%":[83],"sensitivity":[84],"difference":[85],"effectively":[87],"compressed":[88],"by":[89],"generated":[91],"lasing.":[92],"The":[93],"experimental":[94],"results":[95],"show":[96],"that,":[97],"without":[98],"any":[99],"pre-twisting,":[100],"ultra-wide":[102],"from":[105],"-175":[106],"175":[108],"rad/m":[109],"gained,":[111],"sensitivities":[115],"are":[116,144],"2.46":[117],"1.55":[119],"nm/rad":[120],"high":[122,134],"linearity":[123],"(>0.99)":[124],"clockwise":[127],"anti-clockwise":[129],"directions,":[130],"respectively.":[131],"Additionally,":[132],"extinction":[135],"ratio":[136],"(>42":[137],"dB)":[138],"small":[140],"line-width":[141],"(~0.14":[142],"nm)":[143],"obtained":[145],"FLTS,":[149],"corresponding":[152],"detection":[153],"limit":[154],"reaches":[155],"0.015":[156],"rad/m.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
