{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969049327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163583","title":"Precise Pollen Grain Detection in Bright Field Microscopy Using Deep Learning Techniques","display_name":"Precise Pollen Grain Detection in Bright Field Microscopy Using Deep Learning Techniques","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969049327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163583","mag":"2969049327","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31426511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046690911","display_name":"Ram\u00f3n Gallardo\u2013Caballero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-7289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ram\u00f3n Gallardo-Caballero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-7289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074624030","display_name":"Carlos J. Garc\u0131\u0301a-Orellana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-1499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos J. Garc\u00eda-Orellana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-1499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057318895","display_name":"Antonio Garc\u00eda\u2010Manso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-3890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Garc\u00eda-Manso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-3890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018245435","display_name":"Horacio M. Gonz\u00e1lez\u2013Velasco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4459-4811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Horacio M. Gonz\u00e1lez-Velasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4459-4811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046323078","display_name":"Rafael Tormo-Molina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-1412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Tormo-Molina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037920617","display_name":"Miguel Mac\u00edas Mac\u00edas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-4204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Mac\u00edas-Mac\u00edas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-4204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx) and CAPI Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046690911"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.7441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94586648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"16","first_page":"3583","last_page":"3583"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10877","display_name":"Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2723","display_name":"Immunology and Allergy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10877","display_name":"Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2723","display_name":"Immunology and Allergy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10825","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollen","display_name":"Pollen","score":0.948893666267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6594008207321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6194478869438171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5809128284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4965389370918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4593499004840851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4356377124786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4225430488586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4214813709259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39684176445007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1201765239238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11995220184326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.09016728401184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08199122548103333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780618852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932","display_name":"Pollen","level":2,"score":0.948893666267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6594008207321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6194478869438171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5809128284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4965389370918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4593499004840851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4356377124786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4225430488586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4214813709259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39684176445007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1201765239238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11995220184326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.09016728401184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08199122548103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011058","descriptor_name":"Pollen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011058","descriptor_name":"Pollen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011058","descriptor_name":"Pollen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014743","descriptor_name":"Videotape Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31426511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31426511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dehesa.unex.es:10662/23588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10662/23588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401011","display_name":"Institutional Repository University of Extremadura (University of Extremadura)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05ebd3baa8034cfa9391fcdd714d9152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05ebd3baa8034cfa9391fcdd714d9152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 16, p 3583 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/16/3583/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6720915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6720915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2026732121","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2055901213","https://openalex.org/W2057306577","https://openalex.org/W2068579472","https://openalex.org/W2076485300","https://openalex.org/W2080491579","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2138563875","https://openalex.org/W2149933564","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2287209126","https://openalex.org/W2416777518","https://openalex.org/W2475503743","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2770452145","https://openalex.org/W2783143148","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2807618074","https://openalex.org/W2810730996","https://openalex.org/W2890900069","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2950094539","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2969174528","https://openalex.org/W4250462903","https://openalex.org/W4298097115","https://openalex.org/W6756040250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042874314","https://openalex.org/W2594585717","https://openalex.org/W2023847064","https://openalex.org/W4211202038","https://openalex.org/W1840213242","https://openalex.org/W2156868689","https://openalex.org/W2376340911","https://openalex.org/W1999693121","https://openalex.org/W2063838271","https://openalex.org/W4386392971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28,57,154],"determination":[1],"of":[2,5,31,42,59,67,91,103,116,124,137,144,161,165,190],"daily":[3],"concentrations":[4,18],"atmospheric":[6],"pollen":[7,17,32,52,71,94,142,146,193],"is":[8,19,34,62],"important":[9],"in":[10,158],"the":[11,39,43,65,111,114,118,125,173,188],"medical":[12],"and":[13,22,50,163,167],"biological":[14],"fields.":[15],"Obtaining":[16],"a":[20,35,69,77,88,100,134,184],"complex":[21],"time-consuming":[23],"task":[24],"for":[25,187],"specialized":[26],"personnel.":[27],"automatic":[29],"location":[30,168],"grains":[33,143],"handicap":[36],"due":[37],"to":[38,45,63,106,150],"high":[40],"complexity":[41],"images":[44],"be":[46,84],"processed,":[47],"with":[48],"polymorphic":[49],"clumped":[51],"grains,":[53],"dust,":[54],"or":[55],"debris.":[56],"purpose":[58],"this":[60,120,180],"study":[61],"analyze":[64],"feasibility":[66],"implementing":[68],"reliable":[70,185],"grain":[72],"detection":[73,152,159],"system":[74,121],"based":[75],"on":[76],"convolutional":[78],"neural":[79],"network":[80],"architecture,":[81],"which":[82],"will":[83],"used":[85,99,149],"later":[86],"as":[87,172],"critical":[89],"part":[90],"an":[92,191],"automated":[93,192],"concentration":[95],"estimation":[96],"system.":[97,109,195],"We":[98],"training":[101],"set":[102,136],"251":[104],"videos":[105,112,139],"train":[107],"our":[108],"As":[110],"record":[113],"process":[115],"focusing":[117],"samples,":[119],"makes":[122],"use":[123],"3D":[126],"information":[127],"presented":[128],"by":[129],"several":[130],"focal":[131],"planes.":[132],"Besides,":[133],"separate":[135],"135":[138],"(containing":[140],"1234":[141],"11":[145],"types)":[147],"was":[148],"evaluate":[151],"performance.":[153],"results":[155,177],"are":[156],"promising":[157],"(98.54%":[160],"recall":[162],"99.75%":[164],"precision)":[166],"accuracy":[169],"(0.89":[170],"IoU":[171],"average":[174],"value).":[175],"These":[176],"suggest":[178],"that":[179],"technique":[181],"can":[182],"provide":[183],"basis":[186],"development":[189],"counting":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}