{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967678168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163549","title":"AI-Based Early Change Detection in Smart Living Environments","display_name":"AI-Based Early Change Detection in Smart Living Environments","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967678168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163549","mag":"2967678168","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31416259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3549/pdf?version=1565789768","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3549/pdf?version=1565789768","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064095344","display_name":"Giovanni Diraco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165120","display_name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/05vk2g845","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Diraco","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNR\u2014National Research Council of Italy, IMM\u2014Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNR\u2014National Research Council of Italy, IMM\u2014Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165120","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037356012","display_name":"Alessandro Leone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165120","display_name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/05vk2g845","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Leone","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNR\u2014National Research Council of Italy, IMM\u2014Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-3313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNR\u2014National Research Council of Italy, IMM\u2014Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165120","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073091905","display_name":"Pietro Siciliano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-4593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165120","display_name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems","ror":"https://ror.org/05vk2g845","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Siciliano","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNR\u2014National Research Council of Italy, IMM\u2014Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNR\u2014National Research Council of Italy, IMM\u2014Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, 73100 Lecce, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165120","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064095344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210165120"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8165,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77331884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"16","first_page":"3549","last_page":"3549"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6458003520965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.6147477626800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.613787829875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.6019541621208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5866146683692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-living","display_name":"Assisted living","score":0.5721672773361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5231096744537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5193578004837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5129515528678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.4889194071292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-environment","display_name":"Smart environment","score":0.48013707995414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activities-of-daily-living","display_name":"Activities of daily living","score":0.412702351808548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18960431218147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1710795760154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.11382454633712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10336264967918396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6458003520965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.6147477626800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.613787829875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.6019541621208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5866146683692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018552312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315412","display_name":"Assisted living","level":2,"score":0.5721672773361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5231096744537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5193578004837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5129515528678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.4889194071292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152223200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3055471","display_name":"Smart environment","level":3,"score":0.48013707995414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.412702351808548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18960431218147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1710795760154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.11382454633712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10336264967918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3549/pdf?version=1565789768","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31416259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31416259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1f26b11aa84a48e09e31fe774b274c85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1f26b11aa84a48e09e31fe774b274c85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 16, p 3549 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5779898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6720285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/16/3549/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163549","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3549/pdf?version=1565789768","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2967678168.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13535490","https://openalex.org/W1531086768","https://openalex.org/W1606232440","https://openalex.org/W1606347560","https://openalex.org/W1737603075","https://openalex.org/W1975132127","https://openalex.org/W1983617416","https://openalex.org/W1983899894","https://openalex.org/W1984020445","https://openalex.org/W1985728459","https://openalex.org/W1986847617","https://openalex.org/W1999716651","https://openalex.org/W2017100743","https://openalex.org/W2047191928","https://openalex.org/W2050445983","https://openalex.org/W2078216862","https://openalex.org/W2090404088","https://openalex.org/W2103388129","https://openalex.org/W2134639649","https://openalex.org/W2136655611","https://openalex.org/W2138857742","https://openalex.org/W2149670465","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2172027871","https://openalex.org/W2176084978","https://openalex.org/W2182604364","https://openalex.org/W2315911416","https://openalex.org/W2396976214","https://openalex.org/W2406421791","https://openalex.org/W2482396374","https://openalex.org/W2566405168","https://openalex.org/W2616900220","https://openalex.org/W2739846485","https://openalex.org/W2756233686","https://openalex.org/W2765741717","https://openalex.org/W2765988397","https://openalex.org/W2912448596","https://openalex.org/W2913192191","https://openalex.org/W2963541464","https://openalex.org/W3124697219","https://openalex.org/W6680300913","https://openalex.org/W6686056512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945490067","https://openalex.org/W1579566807","https://openalex.org/W1464901939","https://openalex.org/W2989668789","https://openalex.org/W4312127264","https://openalex.org/W3184212333","https://openalex.org/W2889810448","https://openalex.org/W2279827266","https://openalex.org/W4312401170","https://openalex.org/W1556801288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,65],"the":[1,18,92,97,150],"smart":[2],"environments":[3],"we":[4],"live":[5,58],"today,":[6],"a":[7,46,70],"great":[8],"variety":[9],"of":[10,20,30,49,63,96,102,132,152,162,167],"heterogeneous":[11],"sensors":[12],"are":[13,128],"being":[14],"increasingly":[15],"deployed":[16],"with":[17,34,60],"aim":[19,101],"providing":[21],"more":[22,24],"and":[23,81,110,143,165],"value-added":[25],"services.":[26],"This":[27],"huge":[28],"availability":[29],"sensor":[31],"data,":[32],"together":[33],"emerging":[35],"Artificial":[36],"Intelligence":[37],"(AI)":[38],"methods":[39],"for":[40,73,115],"Big":[41],"Data":[42],"analytics,":[43],"can":[44],"yield":[45],"wide":[47],"array":[48],"actionable":[50],"insights":[51],"to":[52,57,77,86,106],"help":[53],"older":[54],"adults":[55],"continue":[56],"independently":[59],"minimal":[61],"support":[62],"caregivers.":[64],"this":[66,103,123],"regard,":[67],"there":[68],"is":[69,105],"growing":[71],"demand":[72],"technological":[74],"solutions":[75],"able":[76],"monitor":[78],"human":[79,120],"activities":[80,131,140],"vital":[82,144],"signs":[83],"in":[84,119,137,160],"order":[85],"early":[87,117],"detect":[88],"abnormal":[89],"conditions,":[90],"avoiding":[91],"caregivers'":[93],"daily":[94,133],"check":[95],"care":[98],"recipient.":[99],"The":[100,146],"study":[104],"compare":[107],"state-of-the-art":[108],"machine":[109],"deep":[111],"learning":[112],"techniques":[113,155],"suitable":[114],"detecting":[116],"changes":[118],"behavior.":[121],"At":[122],"purpose,":[124],"specific":[125],"synthetic":[126],"data":[127],"generated,":[129],"including":[130],"living,":[134],"home":[135],"locations":[136],"which":[138],"such":[139],"take":[141],"place,":[142],"signs.":[145],"achieved":[147],"results":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"superiority":[151],"unsupervised":[153],"deep-learning":[154],"over":[156],"traditional":[157],"supervised/semi-supervised":[158],"ones":[159],"terms":[161],"detection":[163],"accuracy":[164],"lead-time":[166],"prediction.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}