{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2968676666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163486","title":"Logarithmic Strain Model for Nonlinear Load Cell","display_name":"Logarithmic Strain Model for Nonlinear Load Cell","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2968676666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163486","mag":"2968676666","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31395846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163486","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3486/pdf?version=1565337162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3486/pdf?version=1565337162","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028287013","display_name":"Young-Dae Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6174-6442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Dae Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6174-6442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054854946","display_name":"Bumjoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-4594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89440247","display_name":"Myongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9dpb54","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89440247"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bumjoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89440247"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054854946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89440247"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0996,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43990596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"16","first_page":"3486","last_page":"3486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6673077344894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.6613978743553162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-cell","display_name":"Load cell","score":0.6432226896286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.587382435798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5635342001914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature","display_name":"Curvature","score":0.4915178716182709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4825153052806854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-function","display_name":"Exponential function","score":0.4548237919807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.443586528301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lever","display_name":"Lever","score":0.42297565937042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3587353527545929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.3585568070411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.3237385153770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3125486969947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2984144687652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2864367961883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.17127224802970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.15088209509849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.11689123511314392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6673077344894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.6613978743553162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145991859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1561445","display_name":"Load cell","level":2,"score":0.6432226896286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.587382435798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5635342001914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.4915178716182709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4825153052806854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.4548237919807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.443586528301239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107524782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40164","display_name":"Lever","level":2,"score":0.42297565937042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3587353527545929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.3585568070411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3237385153770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3125486969947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2984144687652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2864367961883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.17127224802970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15088209509849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11689123511314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163486","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3486/pdf?version=1565337162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31395846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31395846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b06d2c7fdaef40e6984d513790dc05e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b06d2c7fdaef40e6984d513790dc05e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 16, p 3486 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/16/3486/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6719052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6719052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19163486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163486","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/16/3486/pdf?version=1565337162","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2968676666.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2968676666.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973060971","https://openalex.org/W1980065440","https://openalex.org/W1986621758","https://openalex.org/W1988034479","https://openalex.org/W2024666374","https://openalex.org/W2029089867","https://openalex.org/W2037460508","https://openalex.org/W2037461330","https://openalex.org/W2042308380","https://openalex.org/W2070275639","https://openalex.org/W2152210511","https://openalex.org/W2301763122","https://openalex.org/W2345097151","https://openalex.org/W2474029901","https://openalex.org/W2942266924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106997692","https://openalex.org/W2950147220","https://openalex.org/W3100954504","https://openalex.org/W3022449129","https://openalex.org/W4386731851","https://openalex.org/W1519862060","https://openalex.org/W1507613483","https://openalex.org/W125268981","https://openalex.org/W2606781077","https://openalex.org/W1588317520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"General":[0],"load":[1,98],"cells":[2],"have":[3,38],"typically":[4],"constant":[5],"sensitivity":[6,41],"throughout":[7],"the":[8,66,70,77,81,96,116,131,136,139,142],"measurement":[9,17,67,83,123],"range,":[10],"which":[11,108],"is":[12,21,35,61,100],"acceptable":[13],"for":[14,24,56],"common":[15],"force":[16,45,52,82],"systems.":[18,33],"However,":[19],"it":[20,60],"not":[22],"adequate":[23],"high-performance":[25],"control":[26],"and":[27,119],"high-stroke":[28],"applications":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31,87],"robotic":[32],"It":[34],"required":[36],"to":[37,64,114,129],"a":[39,43,50,88,110,120,126],"higher":[40],"in":[42,49],"small":[44],"range":[46,68],"than":[47,69],"that":[48],"large":[51,57],"range.":[53],"In":[54],"contrast,":[55],"loading":[58,132],"force,":[59],"more":[62],"important":[63],"increase":[65],"sensitivity.":[71],"To":[72,91,134],"cope":[73],"with":[74,125],"these":[75],"characteristics,":[76],"strain":[78],"curve":[79],"versus":[80],"should":[84],"be":[85],"derived":[86],"logarithmic":[89,137],"graph.":[90],"implement":[92],"this":[93],"nonlinear":[94],"nature,":[95],"proposed":[97],"cell":[99],"composed":[101],"of":[102,141],"two":[103],"mechanical":[104],"components:":[105],"an":[106,147,156],"activator,":[107],"has":[109],"curved":[111],"surface":[112],"profile":[113],"translocate":[115],"contact":[117],"point,":[118],"linear":[121],"torque":[122],"unit":[124],"moment":[127],"lever":[128],"measure":[130],"force.":[133],"approximate":[135],"deformation,":[138],"curvature":[140],"activator":[143],"was":[144],"designed":[145],"by":[146,155],"exponential":[148],"function.":[149],"Subsequent":[150],"design":[151],"parameters":[152],"were":[153],"optimized":[154],"evolutionary":[157],"computation.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}