{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966531446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153440","title":"Artificial Intelligence Assisted Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Control and the Unmet Demand for Sensors: Part 2. Prior Information Notice (PIN) Sensor Design and Simulation Results","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Assisted Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Control and the Unmet Demand for Sensors: Part 2. Prior Information Notice (PIN) Sensor Design and Simulation Results","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966531446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153440","mag":"2966531446","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31390776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19153440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/15/3440/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/15/3440/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064724988","display_name":"Chin\u2010Chi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2010-730X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Chi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2010-730X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033173613","display_name":"Dasheng Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-5070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dasheng Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033173613"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.975,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76842027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"15","first_page":"3440","last_page":"3440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.8785293698310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.7121702432632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chiller","display_name":"Chiller","score":0.6214534044265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilation","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","score":0.5587380528450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5562260746955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5262077450752258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4687747061252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44910547137260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3434869050979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.16469377279281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15790507197380066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.8785293698310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.7121702432632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4638862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501558","display_name":"Chiller","level":2,"score":0.6214534044265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.5587380528450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5562260746955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5262077450752258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4687747061252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44910547137260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3434869050979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16469377279281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15790507197380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19153440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/15/3440/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31390776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31390776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:86b321bcc84f4fae8ea31cab37d19fb3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/86b321bcc84f4fae8ea31cab37d19fb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 15, p 3440 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/15/3440/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6696414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6696414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19153440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/15/3440/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324051","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966531446.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966531446.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1179678045","https://openalex.org/W1582944457","https://openalex.org/W1681274902","https://openalex.org/W1984937108","https://openalex.org/W1991312358","https://openalex.org/W1994694946","https://openalex.org/W1999351075","https://openalex.org/W2000548672","https://openalex.org/W2000758068","https://openalex.org/W2004761097","https://openalex.org/W2014392450","https://openalex.org/W2019919399","https://openalex.org/W2021252858","https://openalex.org/W2021841569","https://openalex.org/W2023083072","https://openalex.org/W2026242974","https://openalex.org/W2041984044","https://openalex.org/W2054459031","https://openalex.org/W2054574396","https://openalex.org/W2060142218","https://openalex.org/W2070376178","https://openalex.org/W2079784202","https://openalex.org/W2088291918","https://openalex.org/W2095441031","https://openalex.org/W2113989479","https://openalex.org/W2114534220","https://openalex.org/W2133644196","https://openalex.org/W2163167422","https://openalex.org/W2176956381","https://openalex.org/W2527328725","https://openalex.org/W2537751290","https://openalex.org/W2557420487","https://openalex.org/W2615308736","https://openalex.org/W2747014259","https://openalex.org/W2757702615","https://openalex.org/W2793684890","https://openalex.org/W2800934786","https://openalex.org/W2800966811","https://openalex.org/W2905860553","https://openalex.org/W2919350023","https://openalex.org/W2921698915","https://openalex.org/W2924161473","https://openalex.org/W2942545255","https://openalex.org/W2951012825","https://openalex.org/W2952077590","https://openalex.org/W2955425537","https://openalex.org/W2961882532","https://openalex.org/W3146666372","https://openalex.org/W6996048960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2333766344","https://openalex.org/W3046823714","https://openalex.org/W2348218441","https://openalex.org/W3021806226","https://openalex.org/W4205684936","https://openalex.org/W2373424295","https://openalex.org/W2366782876","https://openalex.org/W2080118969","https://openalex.org/W2764016588","https://openalex.org/W2005108817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59,130],"study":[1],"continues":[2],"the":[3,10,39,78,98,105,134,141,163,178,182,186,200,204],"theoretical":[4,164,183],"derivation":[5],"from":[6,31],"Part":[7],"1,":[8],"and":[9,26,33,53,86,93,113,136,143,150],"experiment":[11],"is":[12],"carried":[13],"out":[14],"at":[15],"a":[16,66,168,188,195],"bus":[17],"station":[18],"equipped":[19],"with":[20,65],"six":[21],"water-cooled":[22],"chillers.":[23],"Between":[24],"2012":[25,85],"2017,":[27],"historical":[28],"data":[29,82,115,138],"collected":[30,83],"temperature":[32,112,142],"humidity":[34,114,144],"sensors,":[35],"as":[36,38],"well":[37],"energy":[40,127,154,201],"consumption":[41,128],"data,":[42],"were":[43,147,159],"used":[44,75,89,109],"to":[45,76,110,123,157,162,197],"build":[46],"artificial":[47],"intelligence":[48],"(AI)":[49],"assisted":[50,206],"heating":[51],"ventilation":[52],"air":[54,125],"conditioning":[55,126],"(HVAC)":[56],"control":[57,61,120],"models.":[58],"AI":[60,91,205],"system,":[62],"in":[63,103,194],"conjunction":[64],"specifically":[67],"designed":[68],"prior":[69],"information":[70],"notice":[71],"(PIN)":[72],"sensor,":[73],"was":[74,88,108,121],"improve":[77],"prediction":[79,145],"accuracy.":[80],"This":[81],"between":[84,133,148],"2016":[87],"for":[90],"training":[92],"PIN":[94,106,189],"sensor":[95,107,190],"testing.":[96],"During":[97],"hottest":[99],"week":[100],"of":[101,166,170,203],"2017":[102],"Taiwan,":[104],"conduct":[111],"predictions.":[116],"A":[117],"model-based":[118],"predictive":[119,135],"developed":[122],"obtain":[124],"data.":[129],"comparative":[131],"results":[132,175],"actual":[137],"showed":[139],"that":[140,177],"accuracies":[146],"95.5":[149],"96.6%,":[151],"respectively.":[152],"Additionally,":[153],"savings":[155,202],"amounting":[156],"39.8%":[158],"achieved":[160],"compared":[161],"estimates":[165],"44.6%,":[167],"difference":[169],"less":[171],"than":[172],"5%.":[173],"These":[174],"show":[176],"experimental":[179],"model":[180],"supports":[181],"estimations.":[184],"In":[185],"future,":[187],"will":[191],"be":[192],"installed":[193],"chiller":[196],"further":[198],"verify":[199],"HVAC":[207],"control.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}