{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963224965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143217","title":"Moving Object Detection Based on Optical Flow Estimation and a Gaussian Mixture Model for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems","display_name":"Moving Object Detection Based on Optical Flow Estimation and a Gaussian Mixture Model for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963224965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143217","mag":"2963224965","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31336590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19143217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/14/3217/pdf?version=1563782071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/14/3217/pdf?version=1563782071","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007970047","display_name":"Jaechan Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8208-0419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24456540","display_name":"Korea Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmm0651","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaechan Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045984416","display_name":"Yongchul Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5332-8980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24456540","display_name":"Korea Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmm0651","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongchul Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862408","display_name":"Dong\u2013Sun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-5028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131650","display_name":"Korea Electronics Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/039k6f508","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210089395","https://openalex.org/I4210131650"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Sun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam-si 463-816, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam-si 463-816, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020502163","display_name":"Seongjoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9344-7052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongjoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069240204","display_name":"Yunho Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-9911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24456540","display_name":"Korea Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmm0651","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunho Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069240204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.8823,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94916216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"14","first_page":"3217","last_page":"3217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7129212617874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7000041604042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6741634011268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6551268100738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6183034181594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.6093614101409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5444563031196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.51205974817276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.46813830733299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45524826645851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.4412880539894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2929404675960541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2695015072822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.12842845916748047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7129212617874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7000041604042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6741634011268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6551268100738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6183034181594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.6093614101409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5444563031196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.51205974817276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.46813830733299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45524826645851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.4412880539894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2929404675960541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2695015072822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.12842845916748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19143217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/14/3217/pdf?version=1563782071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31336590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31336590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:52efdff31ff646e49f78137dfb2ba962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/52efdff31ff646e49f78137dfb2ba962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 14, p 3217 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5649533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6679522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/14/3217/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19143217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/14/3217/pdf?version=1563782071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4905961583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-00056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072120315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322202","display_name":"IC Design Education Center","ror":"https://ror.org/005v57z85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963224965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963224965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W761566885","https://openalex.org/W1558108883","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1867429401","https://openalex.org/W1964127768","https://openalex.org/W1970449280","https://openalex.org/W2018595016","https://openalex.org/W2019304914","https://openalex.org/W2030449681","https://openalex.org/W2034436169","https://openalex.org/W2047030012","https://openalex.org/W2059639989","https://openalex.org/W2060628274","https://openalex.org/W2065441822","https://openalex.org/W2088173505","https://openalex.org/W2088650822","https://openalex.org/W2094747750","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2104298702","https://openalex.org/W2115415549","https://openalex.org/W2131645848","https://openalex.org/W2144476963","https://openalex.org/W2156438427","https://openalex.org/W2157394577","https://openalex.org/W2164179093","https://openalex.org/W2207244305","https://openalex.org/W2536706996","https://openalex.org/W2565185436","https://openalex.org/W2739512016","https://openalex.org/W2754428891","https://openalex.org/W2759692151","https://openalex.org/W2793586828","https://openalex.org/W2890784189","https://openalex.org/W2922329291","https://openalex.org/W2924078280","https://openalex.org/W2947465559","https://openalex.org/W2948914987","https://openalex.org/W2963451778","https://openalex.org/W4237743494","https://openalex.org/W6634902294","https://openalex.org/W6728836704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377081758","https://openalex.org/W3134175566","https://openalex.org/W2023355163","https://openalex.org/W2030154815","https://openalex.org/W2051121715","https://openalex.org/W1975907365","https://openalex.org/W2204864382","https://openalex.org/W1909182616","https://openalex.org/W4310880131","https://openalex.org/W2083543812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"approaches":[1],"for":[2,83],"moving":[3,36,70,93,131],"object":[4,94,132],"detection":[5,123],"(MOD)":[6],"based":[7,112],"on":[8],"computer":[9],"vision":[10],"are":[11],"limited":[12],"to":[13,27,31,51],"stationary":[14],"camera":[15,71],"environments.":[16,72],"In":[17,57,73],"advanced":[18],"driver":[19],"assistance":[20],"systems":[21],"(ADAS),":[22],"however,":[23],"ego-motion":[24],"is":[25],"added":[26],"image":[28,45],"frames":[29,46],"owing":[30],"the":[32,44,84,88],"use":[33],"of":[34,87,150,157],"a":[35,77],"camera.":[37],"This":[38],"results":[39,82,116],"in":[40,43],"mixed":[41],"motion":[42],"and":[47,55,80,103,142,145],"makes":[48],"it":[49],"difficult":[50],"classify":[52],"target":[53],"objects":[54],"background.":[56],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60,75],"propose":[61],"an":[62,110,154],"efficient":[63],"MOD":[64,127],"algorithm":[65],"that":[66,118],"can":[67,146],"cope":[68],"with":[69,136],"addition,":[74],"present":[76],"hardware":[78,99],"design":[79,120],"implementation":[81],"real-time":[85,105,148],"processing":[86,149],"proposed":[89,92,130],"algorithm.":[90],"The":[91,129],"detector":[95,133],"was":[96,107,134],"designed":[97],"using":[98,109],"description":[100],"language":[101],"(HDL)":[102],"its":[104],"performance":[106,124],"evaluated":[108],"FPGA":[111],"test":[113],"system.":[114],"Experimental":[115],"demonstrate":[117],"our":[119],"achieves":[121],"better":[122],"than":[125],"existing":[126],"systems.":[128],"implemented":[135],"13.2K":[137],"logic":[138],"slices,":[139],"104":[140],"DSP48s,":[141],"163":[143],"BRAM":[144],"support":[147],"30":[151],"fps":[152],"at":[153],"operating":[155],"frequency":[156],"200":[158],"MHz.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
