{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2959651989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19133020","title":"Performance Analysis of Time Synchronization Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Time Synchronization Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2959651989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19133020","mag":"2959651989","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31323979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19133020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19133020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/3020/pdf?version=1562666300","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/3020/pdf?version=1562666300","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067312384","display_name":"Linh-An Phan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-9819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linh-An Phan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-9819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102747977","display_name":"Taejoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taejoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-2559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102747977","display_name":"Taejoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taejoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-2559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076950802","display_name":"Taehong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-6218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taehong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea","The 2nd R&amp;D Institute-Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-6218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 2nd R&amp;D Institute-Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076950802","display_name":"Taehong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-6218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taehong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea","The 2nd R&amp;D Institute-Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-6218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 2nd R&amp;D Institute-Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039430051","display_name":"JaeSeang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9413-6544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JaeSeang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 2nd R&amp;D Institute-Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9413-6544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 2nd R&amp;D Institute-Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084063994","display_name":"Jae-Hyun Ham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Hyun Ham","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 2nd R&amp;D Institute-Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 2nd R&amp;D Institute-Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076950802","https://openalex.org/A5102747977"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206","https://openalex.org/I2801036362"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4161,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89852233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"13","first_page":"3020","last_page":"3020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9462000131607056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.881284236907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7965394258499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6159547567367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.594631016254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.5913441777229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.541240930557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5297414064407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.512346625328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.48216456174850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.47479647397994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-performance","display_name":"Network performance","score":0.45286792516708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.44353240728378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-synchronization","display_name":"Data synchronization","score":0.42626166343688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.4134840965270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4060843288898468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10672208666801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08259543776512146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.881284236907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7965394258499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6159547567367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.594631016254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.5913441777229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.541240930557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5297414064407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.512346625328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.48216456174850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.47479647397994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.45286792516708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.44353240728378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108734733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172333","display_name":"Data synchronization","level":3,"score":0.42626166343688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.4134840965270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4060843288898468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10672208666801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08259543776512146}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19133020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19133020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/3020/pdf?version=1562666300","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31323979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31323979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:014fc7289a9b4892bc4fdc35c23a0915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/014fc7289a9b4892bc4fdc35c23a0915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 13, p 3020 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/13/3020/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19133020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6651869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6651869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19133020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19133020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/3020/pdf?version=1562666300","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1508946120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD170094ED","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","funder_display_name":"Agency for Defense Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2959651989.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2959651989.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177137336","https://openalex.org/W1566366401","https://openalex.org/W1965355442","https://openalex.org/W1979014233","https://openalex.org/W1984398840","https://openalex.org/W1991436154","https://openalex.org/W2002419435","https://openalex.org/W2003321974","https://openalex.org/W2008902577","https://openalex.org/W2015035047","https://openalex.org/W2015741953","https://openalex.org/W2019693428","https://openalex.org/W2032003229","https://openalex.org/W2037322878","https://openalex.org/W2038496774","https://openalex.org/W2043686474","https://openalex.org/W2046306310","https://openalex.org/W2058533888","https://openalex.org/W2065505322","https://openalex.org/W2076127403","https://openalex.org/W2080925537","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2097050668","https://openalex.org/W2105666891","https://openalex.org/W2107105956","https://openalex.org/W2112439628","https://openalex.org/W2116646999","https://openalex.org/W2130142525","https://openalex.org/W2133940231","https://openalex.org/W2137799889","https://openalex.org/W2143229717","https://openalex.org/W2146321253","https://openalex.org/W2169475202","https://openalex.org/W2171436899","https://openalex.org/W2286325118","https://openalex.org/W2320187025","https://openalex.org/W2342902378","https://openalex.org/W2395018665","https://openalex.org/W2517753698","https://openalex.org/W2776316457","https://openalex.org/W2898158071","https://openalex.org/W2913095341","https://openalex.org/W2941078325","https://openalex.org/W2976523797","https://openalex.org/W4253598149","https://openalex.org/W6695717416"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127116759","https://openalex.org/W2039529505","https://openalex.org/W1583321132","https://openalex.org/W2379538059","https://openalex.org/W100496347","https://openalex.org/W2085922198","https://openalex.org/W2558026001","https://openalex.org/W2352040412","https://openalex.org/W2351114348","https://openalex.org/W2076127403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"time":[1,41,130],"synchronization":[2,42,113,131],"protocol":[3,43],"is":[4,49,60,141],"indispensable":[5],"in":[6,26,44,55,102,179],"various":[7],"applications":[8],"of":[9,31,89,104,129,161,168,177,181],"wireless":[10,47],"sensor":[11],"networks,":[12],"such":[13,108],"as":[14,109],"scheduling,":[15],"monitoring,":[16],"and":[17,21,29,38,79,96,117,127,172,184],"tracking.":[18],"Numerous":[19],"protocols":[20],"algorithms":[22],"have":[23],"been":[24],"proposed":[25,158],"recent":[27],"decades,":[28],"many":[30,69],"them":[32],"provide":[33],"micro-scale":[34],"resolutions.":[35],"However,":[36],"designing":[37],"implementing":[39],"a":[40,45,56],"practical":[46,105],"network":[48,80,106,115],"very":[50],"challenging":[51],"compared":[52],"to":[53,149],"implementation":[54],"wired":[57],"network;":[58],"this":[59,83],"because":[61],"its":[62],"performance":[63,88,136,176],"can":[64],"be":[65],"deteriorated":[66],"significantly":[67],"by":[68,144],"factors,":[70],"including":[71],"hardware":[72],"quality,":[73],"message":[74,110,145,169],"delay":[75,111,146,170],"jitter,":[76,112],"ambient":[77],"environment,":[78],"topology.":[81],"In":[82,133],"study,":[84],"we":[85],"measure":[86],"the":[87,90,125,135,157,162,166,174],"Flooding":[91],"Time":[92,98],"Synchronization":[93,99],"Protocol":[94,100],"(FTSP)":[95],"Gradient":[97],"(GTSP)":[101],"terms":[103,180],"conditions,":[107],"period,":[114],"topology,":[116],"packet":[118],"loss.":[119],"This":[120],"study":[121],"provides":[122],"insights":[123],"into":[124],"operation":[126],"optimization":[128],"protocols.":[132],"addition,":[134],"evaluation":[137],"identifies":[138],"that":[139,156],"FTSP":[140,163,178],"highly":[142],"affected":[143],"jitter":[147,171],"due":[148],"error":[150],"accumulation":[151],"over":[152],"multi-hops.":[153],"We":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"extended":[159],"version":[160],"(E-FTSP)":[164],"alleviates":[165],"effect":[167],"enhances":[173],"overall":[175],"error,":[182],"time,":[183],"other":[185],"factors.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T06:14:18.571774","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
