{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955789447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132907","title":"Multipoint Fiber Loop Ringdown Sensors for Large Strain Measurement Using Frequency-Shifted Interferometry","display_name":"Multipoint Fiber Loop Ringdown Sensors for Large Strain Measurement Using Frequency-Shifted Interferometry","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955789447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132907","mag":"2955789447","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31266137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19132907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132907","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2907/pdf?version=1561949530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2907/pdf?version=1561949530","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101908341","display_name":"Chunfu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-7917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunfu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083498081","display_name":"Zehao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2432-2234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016970809","display_name":"Yiwen Ou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiwen Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736958","display_name":"Jiaxuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-3528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016970809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6053,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6889012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"13","first_page":"2907","last_page":"2907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.6820424199104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6500157117843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.5478963851928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5444343090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5313774943351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-mode-optical-fiber","display_name":"Multi-mode optical fiber","score":0.5080893039703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4854917824268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.4665612280368805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain","display_name":"Strain (injury)","score":0.4570905566215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.43123868107795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4188733398914337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.33483028411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24884533882141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14377862215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.06789618730545044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.6820424199104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6500157117843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.5478963851928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5444343090057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5313774943351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101645829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781857","display_name":"Multi-mode optical fiber","level":3,"score":0.5080893039703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4854917824268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.4665612280368805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.4570905566215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.43123868107795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4188733398914337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.33483028411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24884533882141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14377862215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06789618730545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19132907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132907","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2907/pdf?version=1561949530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31266137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31266137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38880a7a3b204469a3ce6f49ace50575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/38880a7a3b204469a3ce6f49ace50575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 13, p 2907 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/13/2907/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6651694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6651694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19132907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132907","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2907/pdf?version=1561949530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2440019205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFE0124300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3138993609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61805075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7668127945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61805075, 61475044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8513408685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61475044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8712687074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BSQD2016047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321604","funder_display_name":"Hubei University of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321604","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329781","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955789447.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2955789447.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980434899","https://openalex.org/W1981363439","https://openalex.org/W1982891687","https://openalex.org/W1983218065","https://openalex.org/W1998404094","https://openalex.org/W1998540750","https://openalex.org/W2010202006","https://openalex.org/W2013427302","https://openalex.org/W2022714784","https://openalex.org/W2035388749","https://openalex.org/W2038319498","https://openalex.org/W2077732868","https://openalex.org/W2123566051","https://openalex.org/W2141541670","https://openalex.org/W2142467382","https://openalex.org/W2142972904","https://openalex.org/W2164985910","https://openalex.org/W2496769300","https://openalex.org/W2587761056","https://openalex.org/W2615898455","https://openalex.org/W2627453865","https://openalex.org/W2740405700","https://openalex.org/W2755116634","https://openalex.org/W2764205162","https://openalex.org/W2797002183","https://openalex.org/W2797484651","https://openalex.org/W2808542275","https://openalex.org/W2810316774","https://openalex.org/W2902400317","https://openalex.org/W2912436851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2782295999","https://openalex.org/W2162306796","https://openalex.org/W2075740174","https://openalex.org/W1970292246","https://openalex.org/W2567745884","https://openalex.org/W2076860621","https://openalex.org/W2036102429","https://openalex.org/W2016162169","https://openalex.org/W4247952185","https://openalex.org/W2035675438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,53],"novel":[1],"multipoint":[2,22,157],"fiber":[3,67],"loop":[4],"ringdown":[5],"(FLRD)":[6],"strain":[7,56,96,102,109,144,158],"sensing":[8,57,169],"system":[9,58],"using":[10],"frequency-shifted":[11],"interferometry":[12],"(FSI)":[13],"is":[14],"proposed":[15,152],"and":[16,41,62,97,106,114,127,171],"experimentally":[17,60],"validated.":[18],"Compared":[19],"to":[20,120],"conventional":[21],"FLRD":[23],"techniques,":[24],"this":[25],"scheme":[26],"measures":[27],"the":[28,32,38,45,48,70,77,86,107,121,162],"decay":[29],"rate":[30],"of":[31,50,111,124,136,164],"continuous":[33],"wave":[34],"(CW)":[35],"light":[36],"in":[37],"space":[39],"domain":[40],"thus":[42],"greatly":[43],"reduces":[44],"cost":[46],"without":[47],"requirement":[49],"expensive":[51],"devices.":[52],"serial":[54],"dual-point":[55],"was":[59,73,104,140],"constructed":[61],"a":[63,92,132,155,167,172],"biconical":[64],"tapered":[65],"multimode":[66],"(MMF)":[68],"as":[69],"sensor":[71,87,103,159],"head":[72],"used":[74],"for":[75,142],"obtaining":[76],"large":[78,133,173],"measuring":[79,134,174],"range.":[80,175],"By":[81],"applying":[82],"different":[83],"strains":[84],"on":[85],"heads":[88],"through":[89],"translation":[90],"stages,":[91],"linear":[93],"response":[94],"between":[95],"additional":[98],"loss":[99],"induced":[100],"by":[101],"obtained,":[105],"static":[108],"sensitivities":[110],"0.13676":[112],"dB/m\u03b5":[113,116],"0.19665":[115],"were":[117],"achieved,":[118],"corresponding":[119],"detection":[122],"limit":[123],"0.0123":[125],"dB":[126],"0.0360":[128],"dB,":[129],"respectively.":[130],"Moreover,":[131],"range":[135],"approximately":[137],"6":[138],"m\u03b5":[139],"achieved":[141],"both":[143],"sensors.":[145],"The":[146],"experimental":[147],"results":[148],"indicate":[149],"that":[150],"our":[151],"method":[153],"offers":[154],"promising":[156],"which":[160],"has":[161],"advantages":[163],"low":[165],"cost,":[166],"simple":[168],"structure":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}