{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954886992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132899","title":"Real-Time User Identification and Behavior Prediction Based on Foot-Pad Recognition","display_name":"Real-Time User Identification and Behavior Prediction Based on Foot-Pad Recognition","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954886992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132899","mag":"2954886992","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31262046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19132899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132899","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2899/pdf?version=1561886483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2899/pdf?version=1561886483","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063237053","display_name":"Kuk Ho Heo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuk Ho Heo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 702-701, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 702-701, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103245348","display_name":"Seol Young Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-1882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seol Young Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 702-701, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 702-701, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057476160","display_name":"Soon Ju Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8171-195X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soon Ju Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 702-701, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8171-195X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 702-701, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057476160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3088,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80878569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"13","first_page":"2899","last_page":"2899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8183546662330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7175073623657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6637694239616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6165792346000671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5252430438995361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4260629713535309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-automation","display_name":"Home automation","score":0.4226444959640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3290814757347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32123100757598877}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8183546662330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7175073623657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6637694239616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6165792346000671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5252430438995361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4260629713535309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507571656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848436","display_name":"Home automation","level":2,"score":0.4226444959640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3290814757347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32123100757598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19132899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132899","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2899/pdf?version=1561886483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31262046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31262046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf36865db9d443f68b3dd0dfed722f05","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf36865db9d443f68b3dd0dfed722f05","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 13, p 2899 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/13/2899/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6651778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6651778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19132899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132899","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2899/pdf?version=1561886483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1577046994","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A6A1A03025109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2693902825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954886992.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954886992.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W349770100","https://openalex.org/W1486536989","https://openalex.org/W1606051732","https://openalex.org/W1996277712","https://openalex.org/W2015881065","https://openalex.org/W2034400748","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2112393069","https://openalex.org/W2116075344","https://openalex.org/W2117307746","https://openalex.org/W2125097298","https://openalex.org/W2132467458","https://openalex.org/W2135190479","https://openalex.org/W2139610293","https://openalex.org/W2140959843","https://openalex.org/W2188362592","https://openalex.org/W2248617261","https://openalex.org/W2285290936","https://openalex.org/W2295124130","https://openalex.org/W2346912247","https://openalex.org/W2421728611","https://openalex.org/W2508064113","https://openalex.org/W2515448387","https://openalex.org/W2522146934","https://openalex.org/W2529556398","https://openalex.org/W2549975402","https://openalex.org/W2559538601","https://openalex.org/W2563926696","https://openalex.org/W2885777379","https://openalex.org/W2913976771","https://openalex.org/W2964300371","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4298082496","https://openalex.org/W6611610823","https://openalex.org/W6611762666","https://openalex.org/W6649412685","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6677479569","https://openalex.org/W6687070979","https://openalex.org/W6726662571","https://openalex.org/W6727089730","https://openalex.org/W6729089581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W2353749315","https://openalex.org/W1989935232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,8,44,90,116,148,160],"IoT":[2,63],"(Internet":[3],"of":[4,83,118,147],"things)-based":[5],"smart":[6],"home,":[7],"technology":[9],"for":[10,62],"recognizing":[11,84],"individual":[12,30,135],"users":[13,85],"among":[14],"family":[15],"members":[16],"is":[17,33,66],"very":[18,34],"important.":[19],"Although":[20],"research":[21],"in":[22,86,105,142],"areas":[23],"such":[24,42],"as":[25,43,95],"image":[26],"recognition,":[27],"biometrics,":[28],"and":[29,114,138],"wireless":[31],"devices":[32],"active,":[35],"these":[36,77,140],"systems":[37],"suffer":[38],"from":[39,89],"various":[40],"problems":[41],"need":[45],"to":[46,68,112,158],"follow":[47],"an":[48],"intentional":[49],"procedure":[50],"or":[51],"own":[52],"a":[53,58,81,96,100,109],"specific":[54],"device.":[55],"Furthermore,":[56],"with":[57,72,162],"centralized":[59],"server":[60],"system":[61],"service,":[64],"it":[65],"difficult":[67],"guarantee":[69],"real-time":[70],"determinism":[71],"high":[73],"accuracy.":[74],"To":[75],"overcome":[76],"problems,":[78],"we":[79,128],"suggest":[80],"method":[82],"real":[87],"time":[88],"foot":[91,119,125],"pressure":[92,126],"characteristics":[93],"measured":[94],"user":[97],"steps":[98],"on":[99,122],"footpad.":[101],"The":[102],"proposed":[103],"model":[104,149],"this":[106,123],"paper":[107],"uses":[108],"preprocessing":[110,155],"algorithm":[111],"determine":[113],"generalize":[115,159],"angle":[117,161],"pressure.":[120],"Based":[121],"generalized":[124],"angle,":[127],"extract":[129],"nine":[130],"features":[131,141],"that":[132],"can":[133],"distinguish":[134],"human":[136],"beings,":[137],"employ":[139],"user-recognition":[143,164],"algorithms.":[144,165],"Performance":[145],"evaluation":[146],"was":[150],"conducted":[151],"by":[152],"combining":[153],"two":[154],"algorithms":[156],"used":[157],"four":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
