{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953436884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132875","title":"Q-Learning Based Fair and Efficient Coexistence of LTE in Unlicensed Band","display_name":"Q-Learning Based Fair and Efficient Coexistence of LTE in Unlicensed Band","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953436884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132875","mag":"2953436884","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31261702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19132875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132875","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2875/pdf?version=1561715762","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2875/pdf?version=1561715762","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064392926","display_name":"Rojeena Bajracharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-4453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rojeena Bajracharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-4453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016138282","display_name":"Rakesh Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-7295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakesh Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685527","display_name":"Sung Won Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-6980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung Won Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea","Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. swon@yu.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-6980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. swon@yu.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100685527"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.1571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92410155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"13","first_page":"2875","last_page":"2875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6907591819763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6698465347290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.666256308555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lte-advanced","display_name":"LTE Advanced","score":0.5761454105377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.46845197677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.41886311769485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4157879054546356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4120026230812073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.37699130177497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30500471591949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.28266432881355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1652137041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15681076049804688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06906372308731079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6907591819763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6698465347290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.666256308555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17652562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345402","display_name":"LTE Advanced","level":3,"score":0.5761454105377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.46845197677612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.41886311769485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4157879054546356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4120026230812073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.37699130177497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30500471591949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.28266432881355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1652137041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15681076049804688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06906372308731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19132875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132875","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2875/pdf?version=1561715762","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31261702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31261702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a2b803573d0446cb7b49ffd229d90cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a2b803573d0446cb7b49ffd229d90cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 13, p 2875 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/13/2875/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6651536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6651536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19132875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132875","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/2875/pdf?version=1561715762","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953436884.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953436884.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1901998496","https://openalex.org/W2084761523","https://openalex.org/W2108611194","https://openalex.org/W2118472616","https://openalex.org/W2128952907","https://openalex.org/W2162598825","https://openalex.org/W2256955842","https://openalex.org/W2257712432","https://openalex.org/W2282063927","https://openalex.org/W2290110915","https://openalex.org/W2323909775","https://openalex.org/W2362125871","https://openalex.org/W2493102160","https://openalex.org/W2519611471","https://openalex.org/W2525323163","https://openalex.org/W2535608593","https://openalex.org/W2559018174","https://openalex.org/W2604864615","https://openalex.org/W2613346349","https://openalex.org/W2737135535","https://openalex.org/W2771033109","https://openalex.org/W2773093775","https://openalex.org/W2777300882","https://openalex.org/W2795621654","https://openalex.org/W2799342299","https://openalex.org/W2804448540","https://openalex.org/W2809611631","https://openalex.org/W2885193062","https://openalex.org/W2890355802","https://openalex.org/W2901436587","https://openalex.org/W2902891982","https://openalex.org/W2906115618","https://openalex.org/W2906943359","https://openalex.org/W2963355834","https://openalex.org/W2963914058","https://openalex.org/W3013109447","https://openalex.org/W3016966266","https://openalex.org/W3024604412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W2900105712","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W4388214506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119],"increased":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,6,32,134,145,159,172,180],"spectrum":[4,13],"resources":[5],"multimedia":[7],"communications":[8],"and":[9,40,47,57,83,113,147,191,198],"a":[10,69,73,77,88,123,156,160,168],"limited":[11],"licensed":[12],"have":[14,60],"led":[15],"to":[16,53],"widespread":[17],"concern":[18],"regarding":[19],"the":[20,28,65,138,185,196,204],"operation":[21],"of":[22,34,64,132,184,188],"long":[23],"term":[24],"evolution":[25],"(LTE)":[26],"in":[27,167],"unlicensed":[29],"(LTE-U)":[30],"band":[31],"internet":[33],"things":[35],"(IoT)":[36],"systems.":[37],"Because":[38],"Wi-Fi":[39,135,148],"LTE":[41],"are":[42,94],"diverse":[43],"with":[44],"dissimilar":[45],"physical":[46],"link":[48],"layer":[49],"configurations,":[50],"several":[51],"solutions":[52,67],"achieve":[54],"an":[55,84,181],"efficient":[56,85,100,199],"fair":[58,70,124,197],"coexistence":[59,71,86,101,200],"been":[61],"proposed.":[62],"Most":[63],"proposed":[66,205],"facilitate":[68],"through":[72,87],"discontinuous":[74],"transmission":[75],"using":[76,177,203],"duty":[78,110],"cycling":[79,111],"or":[80,99],"contention":[81],"mechanism":[82,121,140],"clean":[89],"channel":[90,115,125,158],"selection.":[91],"However,":[92],"they":[93],"constrained":[95],"only":[96],"by":[97,128,150],"fairness":[98],"but":[102],"not":[103],"both.":[104],"Herein,":[105],"we":[106],"propose":[107],"joint":[108],"adaptive":[109],"(ADC)":[112],"dynamic":[114,169],"switch":[116],"(DCS)":[117],"mechanisms.":[118],"ADC":[120],"supports":[122],"access":[126,143],"opportunity":[127],"muting":[129,189],"certain":[130],"numbers":[131],"subframes":[133],"users":[136,149,153],"whereas":[137],"DCS":[139],"offers":[141],"more":[142],"opportunities":[144],"LTE-U":[146,152,171],"preventing":[151],"from":[154,202],"occupying":[155],"crowded":[157],"longer":[161],"time.":[162],"To":[163],"support":[164],"these":[165],"mechanisms":[166],"environment,":[170],"IoT":[173],"applications":[174],"is":[175],"enhanced":[176],"Q-learning":[178],"techniques":[179],"automatic":[182],"selection":[183],"appropriate":[186],"combination":[187],"period":[190],"channel.":[192],"Simulation":[193],"results":[194],"show":[195],"achieved":[201],"mechanism.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}