{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954359874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122835","title":"Real-time Precise Point Positioning with a Xiaomi MI 8 Android Smartphone","display_name":"Real-time Precise Point Positioning with a Xiaomi MI 8 Android Smartphone","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954359874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122835","mag":"2954359874","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31242704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2835/pdf?version=1561471868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2835/pdf?version=1561471868","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101442629","display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6419-7207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056945824","display_name":"Chengfa Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-9844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengfa Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101641606","display_name":"Yongsheng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039076126","display_name":"Puyu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Puyu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056945824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":108.4392,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99914029,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":"2835","last_page":"2835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.7652697563171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-application","display_name":"Android application","score":0.5625377297401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4960256516933441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4622511565685272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4498422145843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.33581697940826416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.7652697563171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017891749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android application","level":3,"score":0.5625377297401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4960256516933441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4622511565685272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4498422145843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.33581697940826416}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2835/pdf?version=1561471868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31242704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31242704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:580f46279a8e4a8196b6f0f62a1ab572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/580f46279a8e4a8196b6f0f62a1ab572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 12, p 2835 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5647195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6631022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/12/2835/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2835/pdf?version=1561471868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2030376154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3910829908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954359874.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954359874.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984123740","https://openalex.org/W2084389047","https://openalex.org/W2151975955","https://openalex.org/W2766426467","https://openalex.org/W2783526634","https://openalex.org/W2802985221","https://openalex.org/W2804708163","https://openalex.org/W2887998008","https://openalex.org/W2910587791","https://openalex.org/W2944198247","https://openalex.org/W2946619498","https://openalex.org/W2976116828","https://openalex.org/W6768380659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565885216","https://openalex.org/W4285815317","https://openalex.org/W327645657","https://openalex.org/W4253505977","https://openalex.org/W2011124320","https://openalex.org/W4229710179","https://openalex.org/W4298063370","https://openalex.org/W2965382761","https://openalex.org/W4299620683","https://openalex.org/W4295036445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,43,130],"Global":[1],"Navigation":[2],"Satellite":[3],"System":[4],"(GNSS)":[5],"positioning":[6,38,55,119,141,149,171],"technology":[7,39],"using":[8,134],"smartphones":[9],"can":[10,58,138],"be":[11,59,179],"applied":[12],"to":[13,50,178],"many":[14],"aspects":[15],"of":[16,36,46,126],"mass":[17],"life,":[18],"and":[19,92,146,153,160,163,175],"the":[20,34,52,69,78,84,87,115,143,164],"world's":[21],"first":[22],"dual-frequency":[23],"GNSS":[24,37,70],"smartphone":[25,63,127],"Xiaomi":[26,111],"MI":[27,112],"8":[28,113],"represents":[29],"a":[30,62,100,110],"new":[31],"trend":[32],"in":[33,173],"development":[35],"with":[40],"mobile":[41,80],"phones.":[42],"main":[44],"purpose":[45],"this":[47],"work":[48],"is":[49,74,106,183],"explore":[51],"best":[53],"real-time":[54,117],"performance":[56],"that":[57,76,86,133],"achieved":[60],"on":[61],"without":[64],"reference":[65],"stations.":[66],"By":[67],"analyzing":[68],"raw":[71],"measurements,":[72],"it":[73],"found":[75],"all":[77],"three":[79],"phones":[81],"tested":[82],"have":[83],"phenomenon":[85],"differences":[88],"between":[89],"pseudorange":[90],"observations":[91,95],"carrier":[93],"phase":[94],"are":[96,151],"not":[97],"fixed,":[98],"thus":[99],"PPP":[101,118],"(precise":[102],"point":[103],"positioning)":[104],"method":[105],"modified":[107,116],"accordingly.":[108],"Using":[109],"smartphone,":[114],"strategy":[120],"which":[121],"estimates":[122],"two":[123],"clock":[124],"biases":[125],"was":[128],"applied.":[129],"results":[131],"show":[132],"multi-GNSS":[135],"systems":[136],"data":[137],"effectively":[139],"improve":[140],"performance;":[142],"average":[144],"horizontal":[145],"vertical":[147],"RMS":[148],"error":[150],"0.81":[152],"1.65":[154],"m":[155,182],"respectively":[156],"(using":[157],"GPS,":[158],"BDS,":[159],"Galileo":[161],"data);":[162],"time":[165,169],"required":[166],"for":[167],"each":[168],"period":[170],"errors":[172],"N":[174],"E":[176],"directions":[177],"under":[180],"1":[181],"less":[184],"than":[185],"30s.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}