{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2951585545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122754","title":"Application of Logging While Drilling Tool in Formation Boundary Detection and Geo-steering","display_name":"Application of Logging While Drilling Tool in Formation Boundary Detection and Geo-steering","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2951585545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122754","mag":"2951585545","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31248137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2754/pdf?version=1560935387","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2754/pdf?version=1560935387","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065993495","display_name":"Gaoyang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-5456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaoyang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-5456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013231501","display_name":"Muzhi Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-6131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muzhi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015196203","display_name":"Fanmin Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5134-3976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanmin Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054900543","display_name":"Kang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6178-8549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054900543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.7502,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81905358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":"2754","last_page":"2754"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.7903051376342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logging-while-drilling","display_name":"Logging while drilling","score":0.717637836933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5551391839981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5222359895706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5058764815330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-transform-sampling","display_name":"Inverse transform sampling","score":0.4911148250102997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.46293988823890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bessel-function","display_name":"Bessel function","score":0.4379587173461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-value-problem","display_name":"Boundary value problem","score":0.41945773363113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3662804365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drilling","display_name":"Drilling","score":0.26240086555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2581566572189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22507613897323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21516793966293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1489001214504242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11856496334075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.0975884199142456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.7903051376342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776386368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6667385","display_name":"Logging while drilling","level":3,"score":0.717637836933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5551391839981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5222359895706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5058764815330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143606050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377019","display_name":"Inverse transform sampling","level":3,"score":0.4911148250102997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.46293988823890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219637","display_name":"Bessel function","level":2,"score":0.4379587173461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.41945773363113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3662804365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25197100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890886","display_name":"Drilling","level":2,"score":0.26240086555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2581566572189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22507613897323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21516793966293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1489001214504242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11856496334075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0975884199142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2754/pdf?version=1560935387","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31248137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31248137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a51e78ef9a3a416db2a87d8543edd143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a51e78ef9a3a416db2a87d8543edd143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 12, p 2754 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5646527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6630284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/12/2754/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122754","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2754/pdf?version=1560935387","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2641817881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0302802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2951585545.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2951585545.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38735936","https://openalex.org/W1040646794","https://openalex.org/W1850721377","https://openalex.org/W1971063430","https://openalex.org/W2013338341","https://openalex.org/W2021977077","https://openalex.org/W2028403050","https://openalex.org/W2035022343","https://openalex.org/W2042117208","https://openalex.org/W2061571531","https://openalex.org/W2071070610","https://openalex.org/W2077159821","https://openalex.org/W2090875757","https://openalex.org/W2099591317","https://openalex.org/W2115976540","https://openalex.org/W2124303483","https://openalex.org/W2126833911","https://openalex.org/W2134581432","https://openalex.org/W2140061492","https://openalex.org/W2151101596","https://openalex.org/W2159605465","https://openalex.org/W2187667453","https://openalex.org/W2350503153","https://openalex.org/W2555165441","https://openalex.org/W2587596490","https://openalex.org/W2591104804","https://openalex.org/W2605657377","https://openalex.org/W2623717584","https://openalex.org/W2744591041","https://openalex.org/W2745003239","https://openalex.org/W2766814897","https://openalex.org/W2808638222","https://openalex.org/W2808793425","https://openalex.org/W2887270813","https://openalex.org/W2889797259","https://openalex.org/W2922320344","https://openalex.org/W2942531260","https://openalex.org/W4236474426","https://openalex.org/W6661028369","https://openalex.org/W6738683748","https://openalex.org/W6991171647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382066232","https://openalex.org/W2044527509","https://openalex.org/W3151319332","https://openalex.org/W3093557447","https://openalex.org/W2377084220","https://openalex.org/W4293147659","https://openalex.org/W2378498423","https://openalex.org/W1981223537","https://openalex.org/W3210577852","https://openalex.org/W2049597419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Logging":[0],"while":[1],"drilling":[2],"(LWD)":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5,67,95,136,176],"crucial":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,18,33,66,175,189],"geo-steering,":[9],"which":[10,27],"can":[11,28,155,181],"determine":[12,119,183],"the":[13,37,47,52,60,63,73,79,84,91,102,105,115,121,129,142,145,152,157,161,169,172,184],"formation":[14,31,130,185],"boundary":[15,188],"and":[16,94,109,166,187],"resistivity":[17,186],"real":[19,34,190],"time.":[20,191],"In":[21,44,70],"this":[22],"study,":[23],"an":[24],"efficient":[25],"inversion,":[26],"accurately":[29,167,182],"invert":[30],"information":[32],"time":[35],"on":[36],"basis":[38],"of":[39,62,83,104,138,144,160,171],"fast-forward":[40],"modeling,":[41,46,72],"is":[42,56,98,112,124,193],"presented.":[43],"forward":[45,153],"Gauss-Legendre":[48],"quadrature":[49],"combined":[50,77],"with":[51,78],"continued":[53],"fraction":[54],"method":[55,82],"used":[57,88],"to":[58,89,100,114,118,140],"calculate":[59],"response":[61,170],"LWD":[64,122,173],"instrument":[65,123,174],"layered":[68,177],"formation.":[69,178],"inversion":[71,180],"Levenberg-Marquardt":[74],"(LM)":[75],"algorithm,":[76],"line":[80],"search":[81],"Armijo":[85],"criterion,":[86],"are":[87],"minimize":[90],"cost":[92],"function,":[93],"constraint":[96],"algorithm":[97,154],"added":[99,113],"ensure":[101],"stability":[103],"inversion.":[106,146],"A":[107],"positive":[108],"negative":[110],"sign":[111],"distance":[116],"parameter":[117],"whether":[120],"located":[125],"above":[126],"or":[127],"below":[128],"boundary.":[131],"We":[132],"have":[133],"carried":[134],"out":[135],"series":[137],"experiments":[139],"verify":[141],"accuracy":[143],"The":[147,179],"experimental":[148],"results":[149],"suggest":[150],"that":[151],"make":[156],"infinite":[158],"integral":[159],"Bessel":[162],"function":[163],"rapidly":[164],"converge,":[165],"obtain":[168],"This":[192],"significant":[194],"for":[195],"geological":[196],"exploration.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
