{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953288970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122702","title":"Particle Image Velocimetry of Oil\u2013Water Two-Phase Flow with High Water Cut and Low Flow Velocity in a Horizontal Small-Diameter Pipe","display_name":"Particle Image Velocimetry of Oil\u2013Water Two-Phase Flow with High Water Cut and Low Flow Velocity in a Horizontal Small-Diameter Pipe","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953288970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122702","mag":"2953288970","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31208105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122702","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2702/pdf?version=1560829151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2702/pdf?version=1560829151","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031962179","display_name":"Lianfu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-9686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105529","display_name":"Daqing Oilfield General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ey7we33","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105529"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianfu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Corporation, Daqing 163310, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Corporation, Daqing 163310, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439428","display_name":"Haixia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101639108","display_name":"Xingbin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8439-2026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105529","display_name":"Daqing Oilfield General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ey7we33","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105529"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingbin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Corporation, Daqing 163310, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Corporation, Daqing 163310, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022705099","display_name":"Ronghua Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-3363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105529","display_name":"Daqing Oilfield General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ey7we33","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105529"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Corporation, Daqing 163310, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logging and Testing Services Company, Daqing Oilfield Limited Corporation, Daqing 163310, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113603323","display_name":"Haiwei Mu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiwei Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001933684","display_name":"Changfeng Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921716337","display_name":"Northeast Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03net5943","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changfeng Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1799-8500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Science, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001933684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921716337"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4645,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78736778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":"2702","last_page":"2702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9527999758720398,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-image-velocimetry","display_name":"Particle image velocimetry","score":0.786324143409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.5692468881607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-measurement","display_name":"Flow measurement","score":0.5618422031402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-velocity","display_name":"Flow velocity","score":0.5346950888633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5092059969902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-field","display_name":"Vector field","score":0.45628342032432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.44854021072387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.42797377705574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/velocimetry","display_name":"Velocimetry","score":0.4270623028278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3865983486175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.35132044553756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3414040803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3349626064300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.2992187738418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.243204265832901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1834021508693695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16887113451957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15291064977645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.14105060696601868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207857233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756248","display_name":"Particle image velocimetry","level":3,"score":0.786324143409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5692468881607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16302685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15091623","display_name":"Flow measurement","level":2,"score":0.5618422031402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166693061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462119","display_name":"Flow velocity","level":3,"score":0.5346950888633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5092059969902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91188154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186247","display_name":"Vector field","level":2,"score":0.45628342032432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44854021072387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.42797377705574036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144836735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7919269","display_name":"Velocimetry","level":2,"score":0.4270623028278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3865983486175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.35132044553756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3414040803909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3349626064300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2992187738418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.243204265832901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1834021508693695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16887113451957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15291064977645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.14105060696601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122702","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2702/pdf?version=1560829151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31208105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31208105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d92f95fefa054dff913402b6b4af0433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d92f95fefa054dff913402b6b4af0433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 12, p 2702 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/12/2702/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6632044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6632044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122702","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2702/pdf?version=1560829151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1237638372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51774092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4685280705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(51774092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4787705238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016M601399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953288970.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953288970.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186902179","https://openalex.org/W1228476990","https://openalex.org/W1981748102","https://openalex.org/W1986149296","https://openalex.org/W1998782558","https://openalex.org/W2012595437","https://openalex.org/W2021510299","https://openalex.org/W2041754533","https://openalex.org/W2045340384","https://openalex.org/W2061464631","https://openalex.org/W2067600713","https://openalex.org/W2070272922","https://openalex.org/W2085028751","https://openalex.org/W2139231828","https://openalex.org/W2154125810","https://openalex.org/W2278667678","https://openalex.org/W2313249311","https://openalex.org/W2349744732","https://openalex.org/W2350115884","https://openalex.org/W2367954187","https://openalex.org/W2372284266","https://openalex.org/W2413417178","https://openalex.org/W2509277325","https://openalex.org/W2521779457","https://openalex.org/W2530821513","https://openalex.org/W2554908532","https://openalex.org/W2561492955","https://openalex.org/W2606189901","https://openalex.org/W2612992323","https://openalex.org/W2625724456","https://openalex.org/W2744185614","https://openalex.org/W2752651171","https://openalex.org/W2759458689","https://openalex.org/W2761066803","https://openalex.org/W2772219416","https://openalex.org/W2785127796","https://openalex.org/W2790643472","https://openalex.org/W2796410983","https://openalex.org/W2801166160","https://openalex.org/W2804410653","https://openalex.org/W2882981472","https://openalex.org/W2889443818","https://openalex.org/W2902667723","https://openalex.org/W2902933770","https://openalex.org/W2903242909","https://openalex.org/W2908356187","https://openalex.org/W2915595964","https://openalex.org/W2935009827","https://openalex.org/W2935659908","https://openalex.org/W2944620330","https://openalex.org/W3035037073","https://openalex.org/W6726950942","https://openalex.org/W6728307967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511269932","https://openalex.org/W2999271209","https://openalex.org/W2326809566","https://openalex.org/W2013915751","https://openalex.org/W2142838535","https://openalex.org/W3097535281","https://openalex.org/W2192110567","https://openalex.org/W2897155784","https://openalex.org/W3209831798","https://openalex.org/W4200299497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Velocity":[0],"and":[1,18,43,59,87,104,115,120,127,156,163,179,188,205],"flow":[2,9,45,61,122,132,177],"field":[3,123,178],"are":[4,125],"both":[5],"parameters":[6],"to":[7,36,84,100,129,184],"measure":[8],"characteristics,":[10],"which":[11,148],"can":[12,171,195],"help":[13],"determine":[14],"the":[15,37,44,48,89,102,111,121,130,138,174,181,185,199,206],"logging":[16,22,203,210],"location":[17],"response":[19],"time":[20],"of":[21,39,50,71,113,146,154,166,192,201,208],"instruments.":[23,211],"Particle":[24],"image":[25,40],"velocimetry":[26],"(PIV)":[27],"is":[28,98,118,149],"an":[29],"intuitive":[30],"velocity":[31,49,62],"measurement":[32,67,144,186],"method.":[33],"However,":[34],"due":[35],"limitations":[38],"acquisition":[41],"equipment":[42,187],"pipe":[46,54],"environment,":[47],"a":[51,142,164],"horizontal":[52],"small-diameter":[53],"with":[55],"high":[56,161],"water":[57],"cut":[58],"low":[60],"based":[63],"on":[64],"PIV":[65,90],"has":[66,141,160],"errors":[68],"in":[69],"excess":[70],"20%.":[72],"To":[73],"solve":[74],"this":[75,77,193],"problem,":[76],"paper":[78],"expands":[79],"one-dimensional":[80],"displacement":[81],"sub-pixel":[82],"fitting":[83],"two":[85],"dimensions":[86],"improves":[88],"algorithm":[91,97,140,170],"by":[92],"Kriging":[93],"interpolation.":[94],"The":[95,107,134,168,190],"improved":[96,139,169],"used":[99],"correct":[101],"blank":[103,114],"error":[105,116,145],"vectors.":[106],"simulation":[108],"shows":[109,136],"that":[110,137,153,157],"number":[112],"vectors":[117],"reduced,":[119],"curves":[124],"smooth":[126],"closer":[128],"actual":[131],"field.":[133],"experiment":[135],"maximum":[143],"5.9%,":[147],"much":[150],"lower":[151],"than":[152],"PIV,":[155],"it":[158],"also":[159],"stability":[162],"repeatability":[165],"3.14%.":[167],"compensate":[172],"for":[173,198],"local":[175],"missing":[176],"reduce":[180],"requirements":[182],"related":[183],"environment.":[189],"findings":[191],"study":[194],"be":[196],"helpful":[197],"interpretation":[200],"well":[202,209],"data":[204],"design":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}