{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952188892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122690","title":"Electrooculograms for Human\u2013Computer Interaction: A Review","display_name":"Electrooculograms for Human\u2013Computer Interaction: A Review","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952188892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122690","mag":"2952188892","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31207949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122690","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2690/pdf?version=1560740512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2690/pdf?version=1560740512","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101650659","display_name":"Won-Du Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7437-4211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104306","display_name":"Tongmyong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01asa8g02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104306"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Won-Du Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101650659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104306"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.8185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93406309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":"2690","last_page":"2690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.7824921011924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair","display_name":"Wheelchair","score":0.7311958074569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7030037641525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5966628789901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5081276893615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5057656764984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4396056830883026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.263286828994751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.7824921011924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.7311958074569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7030037641525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5966628789901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5081276893615723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5057656764984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4396056830883026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.263286828994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000690","descriptor_name":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003143","descriptor_name":"Communication Aids for Disabled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003143","descriptor_name":"Communication Devices for People with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003143","descriptor_name":"Communication Devices for People with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004585","descriptor_name":"Electrooculography","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004585","descriptor_name":"Electrooculography","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004585","descriptor_name":"Electrooculography","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122690","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2690/pdf?version=1560740512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31207949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31207949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:455ddbb10ece48139d790cfd13653e3d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/455ddbb10ece48139d790cfd13653e3d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 12, p 2690 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5646474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6630230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/12/2690/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122690","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2690/pdf?version=1560740512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8296637502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1D1A1A09000774","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952188892.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952188892.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183504279","https://openalex.org/W323457753","https://openalex.org/W951131589","https://openalex.org/W1510183632","https://openalex.org/W1576308903","https://openalex.org/W1586692934","https://openalex.org/W1666243891","https://openalex.org/W1800760420","https://openalex.org/W1912143855","https://openalex.org/W1966564949","https://openalex.org/W1967565560","https://openalex.org/W1974436164","https://openalex.org/W1976344634","https://openalex.org/W1982303221","https://openalex.org/W1984795786","https://openalex.org/W1990048243","https://openalex.org/W1995980238","https://openalex.org/W2001555762","https://openalex.org/W2014048574","https://openalex.org/W2017334809","https://openalex.org/W2023869733","https://openalex.org/W2026430219","https://openalex.org/W2028155037","https://openalex.org/W2032775740","https://openalex.org/W2039286803","https://openalex.org/W2046596504","https://openalex.org/W2046996079","https://openalex.org/W2052101136","https://openalex.org/W2084326464","https://openalex.org/W2092785577","https://openalex.org/W2097202120","https://openalex.org/W2108079127","https://openalex.org/W2116479498","https://openalex.org/W2118185621","https://openalex.org/W2123412098","https://openalex.org/W2126698740","https://openalex.org/W2131986310","https://openalex.org/W2133945493","https://openalex.org/W2136110672","https://openalex.org/W2136142764","https://openalex.org/W2138720855","https://openalex.org/W2141330748","https://openalex.org/W2144778989","https://openalex.org/W2146485236","https://openalex.org/W2150335499","https://openalex.org/W2160350510","https://openalex.org/W2160395934","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2200005229","https://openalex.org/W2223340376","https://openalex.org/W2239158726","https://openalex.org/W2265850554","https://openalex.org/W2275239210","https://openalex.org/W2291329486","https://openalex.org/W2295333746","https://openalex.org/W2302073484","https://openalex.org/W2314702523","https://openalex.org/W2417545215","https://openalex.org/W2534161965","https://openalex.org/W2547097813","https://openalex.org/W2592523922","https://openalex.org/W2601004809","https://openalex.org/W2753465984","https://openalex.org/W2754897306","https://openalex.org/W2756469137","https://openalex.org/W2789372996","https://openalex.org/W2912023328","https://openalex.org/W2930310010","https://openalex.org/W3023505910","https://openalex.org/W4205130185","https://openalex.org/W4231901018","https://openalex.org/W6630555081","https://openalex.org/W6677496868","https://openalex.org/W6689282863","https://openalex.org/W6690053035","https://openalex.org/W6696417241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W4378364071","https://openalex.org/W2399287283","https://openalex.org/W1998563140","https://openalex.org/W2742303892","https://openalex.org/W2724219770","https://openalex.org/W2076341217","https://openalex.org/W2065035327","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W4285504728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eye":[0],"movements":[1,51],"generate":[2],"electric":[3,28],"signals,":[4,29],"which":[5],"a":[6,21,54,73,77,81,99,144,157],"user":[7],"can":[8,154],"employ":[9],"to":[10,48,69,89],"control":[11],"his/her":[12],"environment":[13],"and":[14,57,62,97,117,120,127,153],"communicate":[15],"with":[16,163],"others.":[17],"This":[18],"paper":[19],"presents":[20],"review":[22],"of":[23,37,44,85,94,113,147],"previous":[24,95],"studies":[25,96],"on":[26,72],"such":[27,67],"that":[30,140],"is,":[31],"electrooculograms":[32],"(EOGs),":[33],"from":[34],"the":[35,45,91,110,132],"perspective":[36],"human-computer":[38],"interaction":[39],"(HCI).":[40],"EOGs":[41,141],"represent":[42],"one":[43],"easiest":[46],"means":[47],"estimate":[49],"eye":[50],"by":[52],"using":[53],"low-cost":[55],"device,":[56],"have":[58],"been":[59],"often":[60],"considered":[61],"utilized":[63],"for":[64,101,161],"HCI":[65],"applications,":[66],"as":[68,156],"facilitate":[70],"typing":[71],"virtual":[74,150],"keyboard,":[75],"moving":[76],"mouse,":[78],"or":[79],"controlling":[80],"wheelchair.":[82],"The":[83],"objective":[84],"this":[86,105,108],"study":[87],"is":[88,138],"summarize":[90],"experimental":[92],"procedures":[93],"provide":[98],"guide":[100],"researchers":[102],"interested":[103],"in":[104,131,149],"field.":[106],"In":[107],"work":[109],"basic":[111],"characteristics":[112],"EOGs,":[114],"associated":[115],"measurements,":[116],"signal":[118],"processing":[119],"pattern":[121],"recognition":[122],"algorithms":[123],"are":[124,135],"briefly":[125],"reviewed,":[126],"various":[128],"applications":[129],"reported":[130],"existing":[133],"literature":[134],"listed.":[136],"It":[137],"expected":[139],"will":[142],"be":[143],"useful":[145],"source":[146],"communication":[148,159],"reality":[151],"environments,":[152],"act":[155],"valuable":[158],"tools":[160],"people":[162],"amyotrophic":[164],"lateral":[165],"sclerosis.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}