{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949651581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122671","title":"ACF Based Region Proposal Extraction for YOLOv3 Network Towards High-Performance Cyclist Detection in High Resolution Images","display_name":"ACF Based Region Proposal Extraction for YOLOv3 Network Towards High-Performance Cyclist Detection in High Resolution Images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949651581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122671","mag":"2949651581","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31200511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122671","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2671/pdf?version=1560418028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2671/pdf?version=1560418028","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065058741","display_name":"Chunsheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunsheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-2486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037365971","display_name":"Yu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-7684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415971","display_name":"Shuang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-2195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070332088","display_name":"Faliang Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-2267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faliang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070332088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89532464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":"2671","last_page":"2671"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7392897605895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.6913123726844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6550444960594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.6416853070259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.640362024307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.6367884278297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5809279084205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5071361064910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4838818311691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.4826134145259857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4076900780200958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3272702991962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.13256004452705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07061910629272461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7392897605895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.6913123726844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6550444960594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.6416853070259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.640362024307251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.6367884278297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5809279084205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5071361064910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4838818311691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.4826134145259857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4076900780200958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3272702991962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.13256004452705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07061910629272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122671","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2671/pdf?version=1560418028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31200511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31200511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4679f7135ee1454c893df8a47d92fb79","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4679f7135ee1454c893df8a47d92fb79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 12, p 2671 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5646841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6630625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/12/2671/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122671","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2671/pdf?version=1560418028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2739461422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1305300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4464827283","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8946202518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61703240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1650122911","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1908020446","https://openalex.org/W1991460997","https://openalex.org/W1992825118","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2052358483","https://openalex.org/W2088263053","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2120419212","https://openalex.org/W2125556102","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2159386181","https://openalex.org/W2170101770","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2200528286","https://openalex.org/W2258301314","https://openalex.org/W2274131182","https://openalex.org/W2295198236","https://openalex.org/W2321294414","https://openalex.org/W2473640056","https://openalex.org/W2497039038","https://openalex.org/W2509006841","https://openalex.org/W2513907769","https://openalex.org/W2531915888","https://openalex.org/W2726204845","https://openalex.org/W2755366204","https://openalex.org/W2788907956","https://openalex.org/W2792806930","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2801378207","https://openalex.org/W2887850625","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2949847849","https://openalex.org/W2962850098","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3101186801","https://openalex.org/W3105814091","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3151111735","https://openalex.org/W6678178411","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6725552064","https://openalex.org/W6751173403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"You":[0],"Only":[1],"Look":[2],"Once":[3],"(YOLO)":[4],"deep":[5,109],"network":[6,28,32,62],"can":[7],"detect":[8],"objects":[9,105],"quickly":[10],"with":[11,40,223],"high":[12,36,45,224],"precision":[13,37,254],"and":[14,71,150,156,213,227,245,255],"has":[15],"been":[16],"successfully":[17],"applied":[18],"in":[19,44,184,197,242],"many":[20],"detection":[21,43,67,75,183,212,240],"problems.":[22],"The":[23,111],"main":[24,117],"shortcoming":[25],"of":[26,82,201],"YOLO":[27,31,61,173,179,202],"is":[29,131,143,159],"that":[30,231,246],"usually":[33],"cannot":[34],"achieve":[35],"when":[38],"dealing":[39],"small-size":[41],"object":[42],"resolution":[46,225],"images.":[47],"To":[48],"overcome":[49],"this":[50],"problem,":[51],"we":[52,99,176,192],"propose":[53],"an":[54,65],"effective":[55],"region":[56,87,95,121,136,168,186],"proposal":[57,96,122,137],"extraction":[58,123],"method":[59,124,158,234],"for":[60,89,106,170,181],"to":[63,77,146,161],"constitute":[64],"entire":[66],"structure":[68,114],"named":[69],"ACF-PR-YOLO,":[70],"take":[72],"the":[73,85,107,163,171,185,199,207,211,219,232,236],"cyclist":[74],"problem":[76],"show":[78,230],"our":[79],"methods.":[80],"Instead":[81],"directly":[83],"using":[84],"generated":[86,188],"proposals":[88,169,187],"classification":[90],"or":[91],"regression":[92],"like":[93],"most":[94],"methods":[97,241],"do,":[98],"generate":[100],"large-size":[101],"potential":[102],"regions":[103],"containing":[104],"following":[108,172],"network.":[110],"proposed":[112,233],"ACF-PR-YOLO":[113],"includes":[115],"three":[116],"parts.":[118],"Firstly,":[119],"a":[120,152,194],"based":[125,135],"on":[126,218],"aggregated":[127],"channel":[128],"feature":[129],"(ACF)":[130],"proposed,":[132],"called":[133],"ACF":[134,142],"(ACF-PR)":[138],"method.":[139],"In":[140],"ACF-PR,":[141],"firstly":[144],"utilized":[145],"fast":[147],"extract":[148],"candidates":[149],"then":[151],"bounding":[153,164],"boxes":[154,165],"merging":[155],"extending":[157],"designed":[160],"merge":[162],"into":[166,206],"correct":[167],"net.":[174],"Secondly,":[175],"design":[177,193],"suitable":[178],"net":[180,203],"fine":[182],"by":[189,250,258],"ACF-PR.":[190],"Lastly,":[191],"post-processing":[195],"step,":[196],"which":[198],"results":[200],"are":[204],"mapped":[205],"original":[208],"image":[209],"outputting":[210],"localization":[214],"results.":[215],"Experiments":[216],"performed":[217],"Tsinghua-Daimler":[220],"Cyclist":[221],"Benchmark":[222],"images":[226],"complex":[228],"scenes":[229],"outperforms":[235,248,256],"other":[237],"tested":[238],"representative":[239],"average":[243,253,261],"precision,":[244],"it":[247],"YOLOv3":[249],"13.69":[251],"%":[252,260],"SSD":[257],"25.27":[259],"precision.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}