{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952815467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122655","title":"Water Temperature Observation by Coastal Acoustic Tomography in Artificial Upwelling Area","display_name":"Water Temperature Observation by Coastal Acoustic Tomography in Artificial Upwelling Area","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952815467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122655","mag":"2952815467","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31212793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122655","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2655/pdf?version=1560332157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2655/pdf?version=1560332157","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067055995","display_name":"Haocai Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8096-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113896","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026sv7t11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haocai Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China","Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113896"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057182079","display_name":"Yong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0780-0639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101803595","display_name":"Zhikun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-6774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhikun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106695874","display_name":"Yun Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5883-9181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007382002","display_name":"Yan Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-6922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007382002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85067836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":"2655","last_page":"2655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upwelling","display_name":"Upwelling","score":0.9880334138870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","score":0.5939439535140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.44293084740638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4260205030441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.41028666496276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38504019379615784}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149348798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215915","display_name":"Upwelling","level":2,"score":0.9880334138870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.5939439535140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.44293084740638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4260205030441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41028666496276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38504019379615784}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122655","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2655/pdf?version=1560332157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31212793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31212793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c993b7b92854acaad3414146d7d303b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c993b7b92854acaad3414146d7d303b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 12, p 2655 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5646693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6630465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/12/2655/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19122655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122655","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/12/2655/pdf?version=1560332157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3564589675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41576031;51120195001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952815467.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952815467.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564101182","https://openalex.org/W1604225584","https://openalex.org/W1776320261","https://openalex.org/W1976051399","https://openalex.org/W2055755760","https://openalex.org/W2063001619","https://openalex.org/W2071701969","https://openalex.org/W2080823914","https://openalex.org/W2103306434","https://openalex.org/W2111185802","https://openalex.org/W2155504487","https://openalex.org/W2255190348","https://openalex.org/W2517212867","https://openalex.org/W2742198048","https://openalex.org/W2753466561","https://openalex.org/W2754622576","https://openalex.org/W2756017741","https://openalex.org/W2756227990","https://openalex.org/W2789343954","https://openalex.org/W2793106169","https://openalex.org/W2796657173","https://openalex.org/W2811039987","https://openalex.org/W2902017769","https://openalex.org/W2908899728","https://openalex.org/W2918472986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004676729","https://openalex.org/W2913589422","https://openalex.org/W3014290764","https://openalex.org/W1977139449","https://openalex.org/W33381345","https://openalex.org/W1973841547","https://openalex.org/W2066387500","https://openalex.org/W1985933332","https://openalex.org/W2016611137","https://openalex.org/W4229659452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"upwelling":[1,52,94,145,172,190],"is":[2,129,138,173],"a":[3],"geoengineering":[4],"method":[5],"to":[6,28,42,169],"repair":[7],"and":[8,12,17,69,102,152],"improve":[9,156],"marine":[10],"ecosystems,":[11],"its":[13],"operation":[14],"requires":[15],"long-term":[16,45],"continuous":[18],"temperature":[19,47,77,90,110,124,137,158,185],"field":[20,48,91,186],"observation.":[21,31],"However,":[22],"existing":[23],"methods":[24],"are":[25],"rarely":[26],"seen":[27],"accomplish":[29],"such":[30],"In":[32],"this":[33],"study,":[34],"we":[35],"investigate":[36],"the":[37,44,81,85,88,93,103,108,112,123,127,136,141,144,148,157,162,166,179,193],"coastal":[38],"acoustic":[39],"tomography":[40],"(CAT)":[41],"obtain":[43],"horizontal":[46,89],"of":[49,62,92,111,125,143,150,164,182],"an":[50,55],"artificial":[51,171,189],"area":[53,95,114,191],"in":[54,184,188,192],"anechoic":[56],"tank.":[57],"We":[58],"conduct":[59],"four":[60],"sets":[61],"experiments":[63],"with":[64,73],"different":[65],"CAT":[66,86,100,128,167,183],"station":[67,153],"numbers":[68],"compare":[70],"their":[71],"data":[72],"those":[74],"collected":[75],"from":[76,84],"sensors.":[78],"By":[79],"analyzing":[80],"travel":[82],"time":[83],"experiments,":[87],"could":[96],"be":[97],"mapped.":[98],"The":[99],"results":[101,105],"comparison":[104],"show":[106],"that":[107],"surface":[109],"observed":[113],"decreases":[115,131],"by":[116,132],"approximately":[117],"3":[118],"\u00b0C":[119],"after":[120],"upwelling,":[121],"while":[122],"where":[126],"deployed":[130],"about":[133],"1":[134],"\u00b0C;":[135],"lowest":[139],"at":[140],"center":[142],"area.":[146],"Increasing":[147],"number":[149],"stations":[151],"spacing":[154],"would":[155],"mapping":[159],"accuracy.":[160],"Therefore,":[161],"feasibility":[163],"using":[165],"system":[168],"observe":[170],"proved":[174],"valid.":[175],"This":[176],"study":[177],"indicates":[178],"potential":[180],"application":[181],"observation":[187],"sea.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
