{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2948108169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112594","title":"An Adaptive Track Segmentation Algorithm for a Railway Intrusion Detection System","display_name":"An Adaptive Track Segmentation Algorithm for a Railway Intrusion Detection System","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2948108169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112594","mag":"2948108169","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31174417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19112594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112594","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2594/pdf?version=1559835490","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2594/pdf?version=1559835490","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101921102","display_name":"Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5649-1133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Measuring and Control Technology (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China","School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Measuring and Control Technology (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004264337","display_name":"Liqiang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5436-6660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liqiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Measuring and Control Technology (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China","School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5436-6660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Measuring and Control Technology (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100660067","display_name":"Zujun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3898-2452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zujun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Measuring and Control Technology (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China","School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Measuring and Control Technology (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006768038","display_name":"Baoqing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-8107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoqing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Measuring and Control Technology (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China","School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Measuring and Control Technology (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004264337"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.3016,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87113362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"2594","last_page":"2594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7653557062149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.669910192489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5721322298049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5279105305671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.44543343782424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.43367788195610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.43070825934410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.41239798069000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-shift","display_name":"Mean-shift","score":0.4118947386741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3962189555168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3629048466682434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7653557062149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.669910192489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5721322298049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5279105305671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.44543343782424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.43367788195610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.43070825934410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.41239798069000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48548287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803557","display_name":"Mean-shift","level":3,"score":0.4118947386741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3962189555168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3629048466682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19112594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112594","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2594/pdf?version=1559835490","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31174417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31174417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a28c97f714a14dcc925a927222c0a80f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a28c97f714a14dcc925a927222c0a80f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 11, p 2594 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5594745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6603763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/11/2594/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19112594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112594","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2594/pdf?version=1559835490","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4750540566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB1200401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948108169.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948108169.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504049079","https://openalex.org/W1565402342","https://openalex.org/W1991367009","https://openalex.org/W2022154139","https://openalex.org/W2022508996","https://openalex.org/W2104125540","https://openalex.org/W2110158442","https://openalex.org/W2115193009","https://openalex.org/W2115546640","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2123023145","https://openalex.org/W2136631775","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2154579312","https://openalex.org/W2168804568","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2379630288","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2535516436","https://openalex.org/W2791292330","https://openalex.org/W2804076459","https://openalex.org/W2888969386","https://openalex.org/W2904504838","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6630411402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023748438","https://openalex.org/W2124385053","https://openalex.org/W2169903804","https://openalex.org/W2352790313","https://openalex.org/W2355406465","https://openalex.org/W1024431332","https://openalex.org/W2034864299","https://openalex.org/W2051318938","https://openalex.org/W2137075463","https://openalex.org/W2129731647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Video":[0],"surveillance-based":[1],"intrusion":[2],"detection":[3],"has":[4,43],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7,192],"in":[8,134],"modern":[9],"railway":[10],"systems.":[11],"Objects":[12],"inside":[13],"the":[14,18,29,70,104,107,122,131,135,138,143,165,181,195,227,230,237,245,254],"alarm":[15,38],"region,":[16],"or":[17],"track":[19,71,82,108,196],"area,":[20],"can":[21,225],"be":[22],"detected":[23],"by":[24,173,215],"image":[25,123],"processing":[26],"algorithms.":[27],"With":[28],"increasing":[30],"number":[31],"of":[32,37,106,137,149,229,253],"surveillance":[33,77],"cameras,":[34,75],"manual":[35],"labeling":[36],"regions":[39,167],"for":[40,54,73,141,155],"each":[41,156],"camera":[42],"become":[44],"time-consuming":[45],"and":[46,89,185,206,220,250],"is":[47,124,159,191,213],"sometimes":[48],"not":[49],"feasible":[50],"at":[51,64],"all,":[52],"especially":[53],"pan-tilt-zoom":[55],"(PTZ)":[56],"cameras":[57],"which":[58],"may":[59],"change":[60],"their":[61],"monitoring":[62],"area":[63,72,109,197],"any":[65],"time.":[66],"To":[67,129,202],"automatically":[68],"label":[69],"all":[74,199],"video":[76],"system":[78],"requires":[79],"an":[80,98,146,241],"accurate":[81,207],"segmentation":[83,100,246],"algorithm":[84,101,117],"with":[85,110,152],"small":[86],"memory":[87],"footprint":[88],"short":[90],"inference":[91],"delay.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"paper,":[95],"we":[96],"propose":[97],"adaptive":[99,153],"to":[102,193],"delineate":[103],"boundary":[105,139,183],"very":[111],"light":[112],"computation":[113],"burden.":[114],"The":[115],"proposed":[116,238],"includes":[118],"three":[119],"steps.":[120],"Firstly,":[121],"segmented":[125],"into":[126,170],"fragmented":[127,144,166],"regions.":[128],"reduce":[130],"redundant":[132],"calculation":[133,248],"evaluation":[136],"weight":[140,184],"generating":[142],"regions,":[145],"optimal":[147],"set":[148],"Gaussian":[150],"kernels":[151,219],"directions":[154],"specific":[157],"scene":[158],"calculated":[160],"using":[161,174,216],"Hough":[162],"transformation.":[163],"Secondly,":[164],"are":[168],"combined":[169],"local":[171,200],"areas":[172],"a":[175,188,204,209,221],"new":[176],"clustering":[177],"rule,":[178],"based":[179],"on":[180],"region's":[182],"size.":[186],"Finally,":[187],"classification":[189],"network":[190,212],"recognize":[194],"among":[198],"areas.":[201],"achieve":[203],"fast":[205],"classification,":[208],"simplified":[210],"CNN":[211],"designed":[214],"pre-trained":[217],"convolution":[218],"loss":[222],"function":[223],"that":[224,236],"enhance":[226],"diversity":[228],"feature":[231],"maps.":[232],"Experimental":[233],"results":[234],"show":[235],"method":[239],"finds":[240],"effective":[242],"balance":[243],"between":[244],"precision,":[247],"time,":[249],"hardware":[251],"cost":[252],"system.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}