{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946856772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112488","title":"Non-Specific Adsorption Reduction Methods in Biosensing","display_name":"Non-Specific Adsorption Reduction Methods in Biosensing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946856772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112488","mag":"2946856772","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31159167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19112488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112488","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2488/pdf?version=1559286319","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2488/pdf?version=1559286319","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068605246","display_name":"Jessanne Y. Lichtenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-8707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessanne Y. Lichtenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084332463","display_name":"Yue Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0601-0272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454609","display_name":"Seunghyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-7592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seunghyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-7592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100454609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":9.0302,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":287,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98739162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"2488","last_page":"2488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12224","display_name":"Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.9350519776344299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.6415888071060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption","display_name":"Adsorption","score":0.5398961305618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochip","display_name":"Biochip","score":0.4563387930393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating","display_name":"Coating","score":0.4352073073387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomolecule","display_name":"Biomolecule","score":0.4316455125808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4262343645095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3603690266609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35588377714157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemical-engineering","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","score":0.33570465445518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3032341003417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18438225984573364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.9350519776344299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.6415888071060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.5398961305618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87892846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864256","display_name":"Biochip","level":2,"score":0.4563387930393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.4352073073387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49853544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206229","display_name":"Biomolecule","level":2,"score":0.4316455125808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4262343645095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3603690266609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35588377714157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33570465445518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3032341003417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18438225984573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000327","descriptor_name":"Adsorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000327","descriptor_name":"Adsorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000327","descriptor_name":"Adsorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011506","descriptor_name":"Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19112488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112488","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2488/pdf?version=1559286319","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31159167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31159167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b6cc8c9bda24692a58ea48809fce91f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b6cc8c9bda24692a58ea48809fce91f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 11, p 2488 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5594753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6603772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/11/2488/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19112488","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112488","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2488/pdf?version=1559286319","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8199956517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CBET-1706472 and ECCS-1707049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946856772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946856772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165962906","https://openalex.org/W211350074","https://openalex.org/W289241723","https://openalex.org/W368808878","https://openalex.org/W651492780","https://openalex.org/W1535902400","https://openalex.org/W1752160447","https://openalex.org/W1920412972","https://openalex.org/W1941245750","https://openalex.org/W1963680493","https://openalex.org/W1964875359","https://openalex.org/W1965574038","https://openalex.org/W1966142379","https://openalex.org/W1971129411","https://openalex.org/W1972774313","https://openalex.org/W1974287569","https://openalex.org/W1974552912","https://openalex.org/W1977532788","https://openalex.org/W1979194642","https://openalex.org/W1982492509","https://openalex.org/W1983706729","https://openalex.org/W1992009819","https://openalex.org/W1993145840","https://openalex.org/W1994373908","https://openalex.org/W1994945991","https://openalex.org/W1996778395","https://openalex.org/W2007196223","https://openalex.org/W2008161402","https://openalex.org/W2009753750","https://openalex.org/W2009805582","https://openalex.org/W2012249265","https://openalex.org/W2014065889","https://openalex.org/W2014444592","https://openalex.org/W2024004515","https://openalex.org/W2024026781","https://openalex.org/W2027352773","https://openalex.org/W2030909670","https://openalex.org/W2034705600","https://openalex.org/W2034905001","https://openalex.org/W2039439708","https://openalex.org/W2042018405","https://openalex.org/W2046064522","https://openalex.org/W2046999054","https://openalex.org/W2047720444","https://openalex.org/W2049385184","https://openalex.org/W2052787125","https://openalex.org/W2056367979","https://openalex.org/W2058794895","https://openalex.org/W2059621486","https://openalex.org/W2064724563","https://openalex.org/W2065899983","https://openalex.org/W2068935998","https://openalex.org/W2069718772","https://openalex.org/W2073721588","https://openalex.org/W2074469051","https://openalex.org/W2077552671","https://openalex.org/W2078804543","https://openalex.org/W2086937789","https://openalex.org/W2094588486","https://openalex.org/W2104565311","https://openalex.org/W2106971923","https://openalex.org/W2113230762","https://openalex.org/W2115019698","https://openalex.org/W2120112082","https://openalex.org/W2129241728","https://openalex.org/W2140397612","https://openalex.org/W2142190499","https://openalex.org/W2147004894","https://openalex.org/W2153949890","https://openalex.org/W2156955950","https://openalex.org/W2161774073","https://openalex.org/W2162812796","https://openalex.org/W2162859691","https://openalex.org/W2162889106","https://openalex.org/W2163098316","https://openalex.org/W2181682338","https://openalex.org/W2189662002","https://openalex.org/W2275687520","https://openalex.org/W2316071995","https://openalex.org/W2316287488","https://openalex.org/W2327852006","https://openalex.org/W2329965924","https://openalex.org/W2343102115","https://openalex.org/W2547856756","https://openalex.org/W2601832233","https://openalex.org/W2619996986","https://openalex.org/W2695812555","https://openalex.org/W2737312465","https://openalex.org/W2739022608","https://openalex.org/W2759272661","https://openalex.org/W2762245480","https://openalex.org/W2765832260","https://openalex.org/W2767366555","https://openalex.org/W2786244094","https://openalex.org/W2792910804","https://openalex.org/W2892596312","https://openalex.org/W2910369439","https://openalex.org/W4232137269","https://openalex.org/W4232362978","https://openalex.org/W4401489720","https://openalex.org/W6652840447","https://openalex.org/W6682500054","https://openalex.org/W6870971382","https://openalex.org/W7004934164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364922518","https://openalex.org/W1995422305","https://openalex.org/W2361860382","https://openalex.org/W2379531326","https://openalex.org/W2604557458","https://openalex.org/W2544485685","https://openalex.org/W1834829329","https://openalex.org/W2353006359","https://openalex.org/W2504405865","https://openalex.org/W2758075868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-specific":[0],"adsorption":[1],"(NSA)":[2],"is":[3,93,112],"a":[4],"persistent":[5],"problem":[6],"that":[7],"negatively":[8],"affects":[9],"biosensors,":[10],"decreasing":[11],"sensitivity,":[12],"specificity,":[13],"and":[14,17,52,126],"reproducibility.":[15],"Passive":[16],"active":[18,54,86,119],"removal":[19,55,121],"methods":[20,56,72,84,87],"exist":[21],"to":[22,34,60,67,85,99,116],"remedy":[23],"this":[24,62,111],"issue,":[25],"by":[26],"coating":[27],"the":[28,80,89,113,124],"surface":[29,32,43],"or":[30,48],"generating":[31],"forces":[33],"shear":[35],"away":[36],"weakly":[37],"adhered":[38],"biomolecules,":[39],"respectively.":[40],"However,":[41],"many":[42],"coatings":[44],"are":[45,134],"not":[46],"compatible":[47],"effective":[49],"for":[50,105],"sensing,":[51],"thus":[53],"have":[57],"been":[58],"developed":[59],"combat":[61],"phenomenon.":[63],"This":[64],"review":[65,115],"aims":[66],"provide":[68],"an":[69],"overview":[70],"of":[71,73,129],"NSA":[74,120,130],"reduction":[75,131],"in":[76,88,103,132],"biosensing,":[77],"focusing":[78],"on":[79,95],"shift":[81],"from":[82],"passive":[83],"past":[90],"decade.":[91],"Attention":[92],"focused":[94],"protein":[96],"NSA,":[97],"due":[98],"their":[100],"common":[101],"use":[102],"biosensing":[104,133],"biomarker":[106],"diagnostics.":[107],"To":[108],"our":[109],"knowledge,":[110],"first":[114],"comprehensively":[117],"discuss":[118],"methods.":[122],"Lastly,":[123],"challenges":[125],"future":[127],"perspectives":[128],"discussed.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}