{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946236077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19102311","title":"Robust Noise Suppression Technique for a LADAR System via Eigenvalue-Based Adaptive Filtering","display_name":"Robust Noise Suppression Technique for a LADAR System via Eigenvalue-Based Adaptive Filtering","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946236077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19102311","mag":"2946236077","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31109155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19102311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19102311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2311/pdf?version=1558509513","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2311/pdf?version=1558509513","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064928846","display_name":"Xianzhao Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xianzhao Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080546014","display_name":"Rui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-9414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068729668","display_name":"Pinquan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pinquan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100952126","display_name":"Yiqiang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-952X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiqiang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064928846","https://openalex.org/A5100952126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.3467,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79182263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"10","first_page":"2311","last_page":"2311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7719341516494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5925696492195129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.5798109769821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-noise","display_name":"Gradient noise","score":0.5431316494941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5335619449615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-noise","display_name":"Value noise","score":0.4795788824558258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.4636263847351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.4602104723453522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4364055395126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4319564700126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.4193952679634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26697325706481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-floor","display_name":"Noise floor","score":0.26430070400238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.1651650369167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.11564821004867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08287680149078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07122904062271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06721201539039612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7719341516494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5925696492195129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5798109769821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200378446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4147391","display_name":"Gradient noise","level":5,"score":0.5431316494941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5335619449615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182163834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2926529","display_name":"Value noise","level":5,"score":0.4795788824558258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.4636263847351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4602104723453522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4364055395126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4319564700126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.4193952679634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26697325706481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187612029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083130","display_name":"Noise floor","level":4,"score":0.26430070400238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.1651650369167328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.11564821004867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08287680149078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07122904062271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06721201539039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19102311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19102311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2311/pdf?version=1558509513","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31109155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31109155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8376e89c4df1433b9c4313b367734df8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8376e89c4df1433b9c4313b367734df8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 10, p 2311 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5547757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6567112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/10/2311/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19102311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19102311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2311/pdf?version=1558509513","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946236077.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946236077.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520752838","https://openalex.org/W1529155083","https://openalex.org/W1586554030","https://openalex.org/W1660342987","https://openalex.org/W1829169350","https://openalex.org/W1964492749","https://openalex.org/W1986754283","https://openalex.org/W1992785809","https://openalex.org/W1995031544","https://openalex.org/W1996026229","https://openalex.org/W1998896390","https://openalex.org/W2001924341","https://openalex.org/W2006262236","https://openalex.org/W2011550367","https://openalex.org/W2017524709","https://openalex.org/W2030772888","https://openalex.org/W2033716204","https://openalex.org/W2042220165","https://openalex.org/W2067681708","https://openalex.org/W2070604790","https://openalex.org/W2085841330","https://openalex.org/W2091658153","https://openalex.org/W2099046646","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2100925004","https://openalex.org/W2104680113","https://openalex.org/W2107101664","https://openalex.org/W2113945798","https://openalex.org/W2125188192","https://openalex.org/W2136017820","https://openalex.org/W2145367339","https://openalex.org/W2146842127","https://openalex.org/W2152328854","https://openalex.org/W2158940042","https://openalex.org/W2160451035","https://openalex.org/W2242047952","https://openalex.org/W2281357991","https://openalex.org/W2502226073","https://openalex.org/W2518453797","https://openalex.org/W2536791468","https://openalex.org/W2537031590","https://openalex.org/W2605749483","https://openalex.org/W2762897752","https://openalex.org/W2772578558","https://openalex.org/W2792812842","https://openalex.org/W2794339865","https://openalex.org/W2890524465","https://openalex.org/W2963452835","https://openalex.org/W2997095758","https://openalex.org/W3099439797","https://openalex.org/W3106227593","https://openalex.org/W4301516930","https://openalex.org/W6637152022","https://openalex.org/W6675077989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125397569","https://openalex.org/W4226451553","https://openalex.org/W2588855097","https://openalex.org/W2032021057","https://openalex.org/W2170781407","https://openalex.org/W3033631740","https://openalex.org/W2144739192","https://openalex.org/W3149431777","https://openalex.org/W1572192126","https://openalex.org/W2005333371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114,178],"laser":[1],"detection":[2],"and":[3,18,27,56,140,196,213],"ranging":[4,28],"system":[5,25,100],"(LADAR)":[6],"is":[7,31,62,112,158,172,203],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"in":[10,154],"various":[11],"fields":[12],"that":[13,40,72,205],"require":[14],"3D":[15],"measurement,":[16],"detection,":[17],"modeling.":[19],"In":[20],"order":[21],"to":[22,33,45,84,188],"improve":[23],"the":[24,35,46,54,66,69,85,98,117,120,138,144,163,175,182,210,217],"stability":[26],"accuracy,":[29],"it":[30,202],"necessary":[32],"obtain":[34],"complete":[36],"waveform":[37],"of":[38,116,119,143,181],"pulses":[39],"contain":[41],"target":[42],"information.":[43],"Due":[44],"inevitable":[47],"noise,":[48],"there":[49],"are":[50,73,124,131,185],"distinct":[51],"deviations":[52],"between":[53],"actual":[55],"expected":[57],"waveforms,":[58],"so":[59],"noise":[60,87,94,108,145,152,165,191,211],"suppression":[61,95],"essential.":[63],"To":[64],"achieve":[65],"best":[67],"effect,":[68],"filters'":[70],"parameters":[71,180],"usually":[74],"set":[75,186],"as":[76],"empirical":[77],"values":[78],"should":[79],"be":[80],"adaptively":[81],"adjusted":[82],"according":[83,187],"different":[86],"levels.":[88],"Therefore,":[89],"we":[90],"propose":[91],"a":[92],"novel":[93],"method":[96,111,150],"for":[97,151],"LADAR":[99],"via":[101],"eigenvalue-based":[102],"adaptive":[103,168],"filtering.":[104],"Firstly,":[105],"an":[106,148,167,189],"efficient":[107],"level":[109],"estimation":[110,149],"developed.":[113],"distributions":[115],"eigenvalues":[118],"sample":[121],"covariance":[122],"matrix":[123,134],"analyzed":[125],"statistically":[126],"after":[127],"one-dimensional":[128],"echo":[129,200],"data":[130],"transformed":[132],"into":[133],"format.":[135],"Based":[136],"on":[137,162,199],"boundedness":[139],"asymptotic":[141],"properties":[142],"eigenvalue":[146],"spectrum,":[147],"variances":[153],"high":[155],"dimensional":[156],"settings":[157],"proposed.":[159],"Secondly,":[160],"based":[161],"estimated":[164,190],"level,":[166],"guided":[169,183],"filtering":[170,184],"algorithm":[171,207],"designed":[173],"within":[174],"gradient":[176],"domain.":[177],"optimized":[179],"level.":[192],"Through":[193],"simulation":[194],"analysis":[195],"testing":[197],"experiments":[198],"waves,":[201],"proven":[204],"our":[206],"can":[208],"suppress":[209],"reliably":[212],"has":[214],"advantages":[215],"over":[216],"existing":[218],"relevant":[219],"methods.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}