{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944616511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","title":"Study on an Online Detection Method for Ground Water Quality and Instrument Design","display_name":"Study on an Online Detection Method for Ground Water Quality and Instrument Design","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944616511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","mag":"2944616511","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31075925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19092153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2153/pdf?version=1557400461","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2153/pdf?version=1557400461","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023186607","display_name":"Xiushan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-9760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160030","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Water Resource and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/04dg5b632","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiushan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-9760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022980820","display_name":"Renyuan Tong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renyuan Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738100","display_name":"Yanjie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-7901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072890050","display_name":"Congli Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-7673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160030","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Water Resource and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/04dg5b632","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congli Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734609","display_name":"Qing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-473X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100734609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.9933,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92973007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"9","first_page":"2153","last_page":"2153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbidity","display_name":"Turbidity","score":0.9391461610794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5975344777107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"Water quality","score":0.586776077747345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-oxygen-demand","display_name":"Chemical oxygen demand","score":0.5260388851165771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater","display_name":"Groundwater","score":0.43430665135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4212062954902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.3565044403076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.3385707139968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20477405190467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater","display_name":"Wastewater","score":0.10265302658081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.07508116960525513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64016661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898574","display_name":"Turbidity","level":2,"score":0.9391461610794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5975344777107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.586776077747345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188287460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555857","display_name":"Chemical oxygen demand","level":3,"score":0.5260388851165771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.43430665135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4212062954902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3565044403076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3385707139968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20477405190467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.10265302658081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07508116960525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19092153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2153/pdf?version=1557400461","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31075925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31075925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6680fdfc919e485faa16e8c0bbae4ef0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6680fdfc919e485faa16e8c0bbae4ef0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 9, p 2153 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/9/2153/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6539808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6539808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19092153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2153/pdf?version=1557400461","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G177769164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFF0205501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5413961582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0804604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944616511.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944616511.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W323637446","https://openalex.org/W608013677","https://openalex.org/W1475682694","https://openalex.org/W1988243034","https://openalex.org/W1990557786","https://openalex.org/W1992840757","https://openalex.org/W2000311593","https://openalex.org/W2003978033","https://openalex.org/W2005109349","https://openalex.org/W2006072531","https://openalex.org/W2019980955","https://openalex.org/W2021067599","https://openalex.org/W2024999871","https://openalex.org/W2030743756","https://openalex.org/W2030807648","https://openalex.org/W2050998616","https://openalex.org/W2051896754","https://openalex.org/W2052006123","https://openalex.org/W2067344948","https://openalex.org/W2068278411","https://openalex.org/W2068954992","https://openalex.org/W2110613883","https://openalex.org/W2111857237","https://openalex.org/W2161374547","https://openalex.org/W2164303307","https://openalex.org/W2319741443","https://openalex.org/W2342370091","https://openalex.org/W2595614338","https://openalex.org/W2613873038","https://openalex.org/W2768962491","https://openalex.org/W2783273813","https://openalex.org/W2807704002","https://openalex.org/W2916749136","https://openalex.org/W4251571257","https://openalex.org/W6611267702","https://openalex.org/W6747724379","https://openalex.org/W6807623875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2936713214","https://openalex.org/W2356755667","https://openalex.org/W4360922838","https://openalex.org/W3018395630","https://openalex.org/W2607474063","https://openalex.org/W4239095282","https://openalex.org/W2048918982","https://openalex.org/W2911390280","https://openalex.org/W2392578240","https://openalex.org/W156384333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"-N":[0],"are":[1],"smaller":[2,10],"than":[3,11],"5.0%,":[4],"while":[5],"that":[6],"of":[7,21],"TURB":[8],"is":[9],"5.4%,":[12],"which":[13],"meets":[14],"the":[15,18],"requirements":[16],"for":[17],"online":[19],"measurement":[20],"ground":[22],"water":[23],"quality.":[24]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}