{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943288049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092037","title":"Latest Trends in Electrochemical Sensors for Neurotransmitters: A Review","display_name":"Latest Trends in Electrochemical Sensors for Neurotransmitters: A Review","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943288049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092037","mag":"2943288049","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31052309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19092037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2037/pdf?version=1557142266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2037/pdf?version=1557142266","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038344857","display_name":"Zahra Tavakolian-Ardakani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IR","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Tavakolian-Ardakani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran","Department of Chemistry \"Ugo Schiff\", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry \"Ugo Schiff\", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028382479","display_name":"Oana Hosu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-5195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208470662","display_name":"Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/051h0cw83","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208470662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oana Hosu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Pasteur 4 Cluj-Napoca, Romania","Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","Department of Chemistry \"Ugo Schiff\", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Pasteur 4 Cluj-Napoca, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208470662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry \"Ugo Schiff\", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045167809","display_name":"C\u00e9cilia Cristea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4158-3324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208470662","display_name":"Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/051h0cw83","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208470662"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Cristea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Pasteur 4 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4158-3324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u0163ieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Pasteur 4 Cluj-Napoca, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I208470662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007237854","display_name":"Mohammad Mazloum\u2010Ardakani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-0141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mazloum-Ardakani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029891844","display_name":"Giovanna Marrazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-7552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140048","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi","ror":"https://ror.org/043bhwh19","country_code":"IT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140048"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanna Marrazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","Instituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Unit of Florence, Viale delle Medaglie d\u2019Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy","Department of Chemistry \"Ugo Schiff\", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","Instituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Unit of Florence, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-7552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry \u201cUgo Schiff\u201d, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Unit of Florence, Viale delle Medaglie d\u2019Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140048"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry \"Ugo Schiff\", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Unit of Florence, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140048"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029891844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140048","https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.9907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":158,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98029559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"9","first_page":"2037","last_page":"2037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotransmitter","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","score":0.7792865633964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.611926794052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capillary-electrophoresis","display_name":"Capillary electrophoresis","score":0.5274926424026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vivo","display_name":"In vivo","score":0.5150942206382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotransmitter-systems","display_name":"Neurotransmitter systems","score":0.48284751176834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotransmitter-agents","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","score":0.4502788782119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotransmitter-receptor","display_name":"Neurotransmitter receptor","score":0.4373601973056793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-vivo","display_name":"Ex vivo","score":0.4145854115486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3811858296394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3295923173427582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.32848885655403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine","display_name":"Dopamine","score":0.2611857056617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.2136877179145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system","display_name":"Central nervous system","score":0.1631530225276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.15154379606246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology","display_name":"Biotechnology","score":0.10525864362716675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.7792865633964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.611926794052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2900643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747468","display_name":"Capillary electrophoresis","level":2,"score":0.5274926424026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.5150942206382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017459112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter systems","level":3,"score":0.48284751176834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910715078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","level":4,"score":0.4502788782119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156927020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187783","display_name":"Neurotransmitter receptor","level":3,"score":0.4373601973056793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26291073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310484","display_name":"Ex vivo","level":3,"score":0.4145854115486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3811858296394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3295923173427582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32848885655403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.2611857056617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2136877179145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.1631530225276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.15154379606246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.10525864362716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049329","descriptor_name":"Nanostructures","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049329","descriptor_name":"Nanostructures","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049329","descriptor_name":"Nanostructures","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049329","descriptor_name":"Nanostructures","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19092037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2037/pdf?version=1557142266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31052309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31052309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:70baf75bd31b4a7b9032e261b9c4132f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/70baf75bd31b4a7b9032e261b9c4132f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 9, p 2037 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1156953","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1156953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/9/2037/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6539656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6539656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19092037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2037/pdf?version=1557142266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":189,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W830859982","https://openalex.org/W898189744","https://openalex.org/W1017558324","https://openalex.org/W1147352416","https://openalex.org/W1445183179","https://openalex.org/W1599687093","https://openalex.org/W1599772105","https://openalex.org/W1732841392","https://openalex.org/W1735023543","https://openalex.org/W1782641048","https://openalex.org/W1895795962","https://openalex.org/W1965924653","https://openalex.org/W1966132736","https://openalex.org/W1966359179","https://openalex.org/W1970553366","https://openalex.org/W1972737184","https://openalex.org/W1977785812","https://openalex.org/W1979131250","https://openalex.org/W1980802031","https://openalex.org/W1984993651","https://openalex.org/W1990549063","https://openalex.org/W1990653228","https://openalex.org/W1992556352","https://openalex.org/W1995318418","https://openalex.org/W1996702930","https://openalex.org/W1998682617","https://openalex.org/W1999270155","https://openalex.org/W2002538279","https://openalex.org/W2004515748","https://openalex.org/W2005888932","https://openalex.org/W2010479392","https://openalex.org/W2011332648","https://openalex.org/W2013995801","https://openalex.org/W2015426734","https://openalex.org/W2017104298","https://openalex.org/W2017914390","https://openalex.org/W2018922170","https://openalex.org/W2020002854","https://openalex.org/W2021091765","https://openalex.org/W2029017855","https://openalex.org/W2030686213","https://openalex.org/W2030775107","https://openalex.org/W2031262066","https://openalex.org/W2033214472","https://openalex.org/W2033854631","https://openalex.org/W2036198550","https://openalex.org/W2037119991","https://openalex.org/W2040411571","https://openalex.org/W2043335115","https://openalex.org/W2043451183","https://openalex.org/W2044824644","https://openalex.org/W2047019357","https://openalex.org/W2050946078","https://openalex.org/W2053666724","https://openalex.org/W2055070517","https://openalex.org/W2056084870","https://openalex.org/W2057104185","https://openalex.org/W2057555761","https://openalex.org/W2058112173","https://openalex.org/W2061604831","https://openalex.org/W2067025971","https://openalex.org/W2068456078","https://openalex.org/W2069246601","https://openalex.org/W2074416719","https://openalex.org/W2074434042","https://openalex.org/W2075923022","https://openalex.org/W2077669655","https://openalex.org/W2084123647","https://openalex.org/W2085238302","https://openalex.org/W2087453228","https://openalex.org/W2087672062","https://openalex.org/W2090399950","https://openalex.org/W2090922069","https://openalex.org/W2093388664","https://openalex.org/W2093447069","https://openalex.org/W2093537273","https://openalex.org/W2094032435","https://openalex.org/W2094952015","https://openalex.org/W2095469984","https://openalex.org/W2095484265","https://openalex.org/W2096788607","https://openalex.org/W2119453073","https://openalex.org/W2120362913","https://openalex.org/W2124247387","https://openalex.org/W2138559331","https://openalex.org/W2143120961","https://openalex.org/W2155721592","https://openalex.org/W2157425349","https://openalex.org/W2161961116","https://openalex.org/W2162162195","https://openalex.org/W2168367599","https://openalex.org/W2173158819","https://openalex.org/W2205842939","https://openalex.org/W2209936051","https://openalex.org/W2210359973","https://openalex.org/W2221086084","https://openalex.org/W2222959296","https://openalex.org/W2233673073","https://openalex.org/W2282144801","https://openalex.org/W2303471581","https://openalex.org/W2324547693","https://openalex.org/W2325776310","https://openalex.org/W2327475182","https://openalex.org/W2331346743","https://openalex.org/W2333894357","https://openalex.org/W2366180231","https://openalex.org/W2378367658","https://openalex.org/W2389819190","https://openalex.org/W2398153816","https://openalex.org/W2400205842","https://openalex.org/W2404385529","https://openalex.org/W2405221203","https://openalex.org/W2415759292","https://openalex.org/W2444494729","https://openalex.org/W2466029835","https://openalex.org/W2488420498","https://openalex.org/W2491584039","https://openalex.org/W2507186467","https://openalex.org/W2507750032","https://openalex.org/W2512226160","https://openalex.org/W2515705978","https://openalex.org/W2519909464","https://openalex.org/W2520775638","https://openalex.org/W2548384022","https://openalex.org/W2552361020","https://openalex.org/W2554473836","https://openalex.org/W2555561330","https://openalex.org/W2555813940","https://openalex.org/W2559170473","https://openalex.org/W2561362708","https://openalex.org/W2564043068","https://openalex.org/W2568998604","https://openalex.org/W2576843648","https://openalex.org/W2578834053","https://openalex.org/W2593118565","https://openalex.org/W2593798069","https://openalex.org/W2601671904","https://openalex.org/W2602814063","https://openalex.org/W2605446848","https://openalex.org/W2605801061","https://openalex.org/W2606681256","https://openalex.org/W2610780039","https://openalex.org/W2611434156","https://openalex.org/W2730310768","https://openalex.org/W2737635526","https://openalex.org/W2746683713","https://openalex.org/W2752178285","https://openalex.org/W2754553765","https://openalex.org/W2757480392","https://openalex.org/W2760258398","https://openalex.org/W2766355625","https://openalex.org/W2768092430","https://openalex.org/W2768902348","https://openalex.org/W2770038235","https://openalex.org/W2773007283","https://openalex.org/W2775639561","https://openalex.org/W2776106313","https://openalex.org/W2776600676","https://openalex.org/W2781709060","https://openalex.org/W2788819227","https://openalex.org/W2792092120","https://openalex.org/W2805761491","https://openalex.org/W2809961187","https://openalex.org/W2884501837","https://openalex.org/W2888602040","https://openalex.org/W2890695728","https://openalex.org/W2891952602","https://openalex.org/W2895678707","https://openalex.org/W2897348969","https://openalex.org/W2903242526","https://openalex.org/W2905669653","https://openalex.org/W2909747446","https://openalex.org/W2911738484","https://openalex.org/W2912265956","https://openalex.org/W2912794695","https://openalex.org/W2912873280","https://openalex.org/W2912997407","https://openalex.org/W2913156060","https://openalex.org/W2916474189","https://openalex.org/W2919089054","https://openalex.org/W2921681577","https://openalex.org/W2921724673","https://openalex.org/W2921977938","https://openalex.org/W2922265418","https://openalex.org/W4231358405","https://openalex.org/W4234821530","https://openalex.org/W4382399010","https://openalex.org/W6673611141","https://openalex.org/W6813178058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558357192","https://openalex.org/W88563322","https://openalex.org/W2408383653","https://openalex.org/W2000535596","https://openalex.org/W2594133969","https://openalex.org/W2350009620","https://openalex.org/W2995275546","https://openalex.org/W1992397770","https://openalex.org/W2417741103","https://openalex.org/W18716524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neurotransmitters":[0],"are":[1,89],"endogenous":[2],"chemical":[3],"messengers":[4],"which":[5,131],"play":[6],"an":[7,112],"important":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,50,118,147,152,154],"many":[11],"of":[12,40,95,114,136],"the":[13,51,76,93,100,115,137,144],"brain":[14],"functions,":[15],"abnormal":[16],"levels":[17],"being":[18],"correlated":[19],"with":[20],"physical,":[21],"psychotic":[22],"and":[23,30,36,70,79,83,156],"neurodegenerative":[24],"diseases":[25],"such":[26,62],"as":[27,63],"Alzheimer\u2019s,":[28],"Parkinson\u2019s,":[29],"Huntington\u2019s":[31],"disease.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"their":[34],"sensitive":[35],"robust":[37],"detection":[38,88],"is":[39,126],"great":[41],"clinical":[42],"significance.":[43],"Electrochemical":[44],"methods":[45],"have":[46],"been":[47],"intensively":[48],"used":[49],"last":[52,101],"decades":[53],"for":[54,86,149],"neurotransmitter":[55,87,150],"detection,":[56],"outclassing":[57],"more":[58],"complicated":[59],"analytical":[60,138],"techniques":[61],"conventional":[64],"spectrophotometry,":[65],"chromatography,":[66],"fluorescence,":[67],"flow":[68],"injection,":[69],"capillary":[71],"electrophoresis.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74,122],"manuscript,":[75],"most":[77],"successful":[78],"promising":[80],"electrochemical":[81],"enzyme-free":[82],"enzymatic":[84],"sensors":[85],"reviewed.":[90],"Focusing":[91],"on":[92,128],"activity":[94],"worldwide":[96],"researchers":[97],"mainly":[98],"during":[99,121],"ten":[102],"years":[103],"(2010\u20132019),":[104],"without":[105],"pretending":[106],"to":[107],"be":[108],"exhaustive,":[109],"we":[110],"present":[111],"overview":[113],"progress":[116,145],"made":[117,146],"sensing":[119],"strategies":[120],"time.":[123],"Particular":[124],"emphasis":[125],"placed":[127],"nanostructured-based":[129],"sensors,":[130],"show":[132],"a":[133],"substantial":[134],"improvement":[135],"performances.":[139],"This":[140],"review":[141],"also":[142],"examines":[143],"biosensors":[148],"measurements":[151],"vitro,":[153],"vivo":[155],"ex":[157],"vivo.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-30T09:04:40.226872","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
