{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2940365452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081818","title":"Object Tracking Based on Vector Convolutional Network and Discriminant Correlation Filters","display_name":"Object Tracking Based on Vector Convolutional Network and Discriminant Correlation Filters","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2940365452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081818","mag":"2940365452","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30995781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19081818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081818","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390819","display_name":"Yuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7514-8876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7514-8876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065394949","display_name":"Xiubao Sui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-464X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiubao Sui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102718027","display_name":"Xiaodong Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0606-0827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319563","display_name":"Chengwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0416-4769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0416-4769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101729299","display_name":"Guohua Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-0701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohua Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428456","display_name":"Qian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-302X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065394949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67839841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"1818","last_page":"1818"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.746480405330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7352801561355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6974040269851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6839585304260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5808759331703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.5767538547515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5236120820045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.4590342044830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4445052146911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.4439229369163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41960498690605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.3853690028190613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.746480405330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7352801561355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6974040269851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6839585304260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5808759331703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.5767538547515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5236120820045471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.4590342044830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4445052146911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.4439229369163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41960498690605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3853690028190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19081818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30995781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30995781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6b1d0e45735412c8d39b27ade716760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6b1d0e45735412c8d39b27ade716760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 8, p 1818 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6515056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6515056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19081818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2367447058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11503010, 11773018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G337602586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11503010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7741672746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11773018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161114242","https://openalex.org/W1854404533","https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1915785815","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1964846093","https://openalex.org/W1997121481","https://openalex.org/W2038943746","https://openalex.org/W2066513826","https://openalex.org/W2089961441","https://openalex.org/W2118345389","https://openalex.org/W2126302311","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2195207093","https://openalex.org/W2214352687","https://openalex.org/W2280226538","https://openalex.org/W2340000481","https://openalex.org/W2343187456","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2473868734","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W2562852216","https://openalex.org/W2605381261","https://openalex.org/W2724754100","https://openalex.org/W2735900011","https://openalex.org/W2951157758","https://openalex.org/W2953047851","https://openalex.org/W2964111344","https://openalex.org/W2964253307","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W6639907970","https://openalex.org/W6695416801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W2146343568","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2013643406","https://openalex.org/W2027972911","https://openalex.org/W2157978810","https://openalex.org/W4391547476","https://openalex.org/W2597809628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,91,108,120],"the":[2,23,27,30,35,73,93,98],"fast":[3,113],"speed":[4,121],"and":[5,34,51,123],"high":[6],"efficiency,":[7],"discriminant":[8],"correlation":[9],"filter":[10,65],"(DCF)":[11],"has":[12],"drawn":[13],"great":[14],"attention":[15],"in":[16,32,72],"online":[17,99],"object":[18],"tracking":[19,47,100],"recently.":[20],"However,":[21],"with":[22,54,66,83],"improvement":[24],"of":[25,37,76],"performance,":[26],"costs":[28],"are":[29],"increase":[31,124],"parameters":[33],"decline":[36],"speed.":[38,145],"In":[39,97],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,102,116],"propose":[43,103],"a":[44,55,104,138],"novel":[45,68],"visual":[46],"algorithm,":[48],"namely":[49],"VDCFNet,":[50],"combine":[52],"DCF":[53],"vector":[56,69],"convolutional":[57,64,70,74],"network":[58],"(VCNN).":[59],"We":[60],"replace":[61],"one":[62],"traditional":[63],"two":[67],"filters":[71],"stage":[75],"our":[77,81,133],"network.":[78],"This":[79],"enables":[80],"model":[82,118],"few":[84],"memories":[85],"(only":[86],"59":[87],"KB)":[88],"trained":[89],"offline":[90],"learn":[92],"generic":[94],"image":[95],"features.":[96],"stage,":[101],"coarse-to-fine":[105],"search":[106],"strategy":[107],"solve":[109],"drift":[110],"problems":[111],"under":[112],"motion.":[114],"Besides,":[115],"update":[117],"selectively":[119],"up":[122],"robustness.":[125],"The":[126],"experiments":[127],"on":[128],"OTB":[129],"benchmarks":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"that":[132],"proposed":[134],"VDCFNet":[135],"can":[136],"achieve":[137],"competitive":[139],"performance":[140],"while":[141],"running":[142],"over":[143],"real-time":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}