{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2936011791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071704","title":"Extended Target Tracking and Feature Estimation for Optical Sensors Based on the Gaussian Process","display_name":"Extended Target Tracking and Feature Estimation for Optical Sensors Based on the Gaussian Process","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2936011791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071704","mag":"2936011791","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30974747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19071704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071704","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/7/1704/pdf?version=1554879766","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/7/1704/pdf?version=1554879766","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101682491","display_name":"Haoyang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1708-9892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoyang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032382317","display_name":"Wei An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-2105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei An","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686441","display_name":"Ran Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9840-8674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113342","display_name":"Systems Engineering Society of China","ror":"https://ror.org/024pse488","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113342"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Engineering, AMS, PLA, Beijing 100141, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Engineering, AMS, PLA, Beijing 100141, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101682491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.8781,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94726823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"7","first_page":"1704","last_page":"1704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5903177857398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5223408937454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.513724684715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5112714767456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.4965701699256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4836615025997162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4812774062156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4793204069137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4717857539653778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.4533764719963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4530255198478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.45301157236099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.39789271354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39457884430885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.349414587020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12891292572021484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5903177857398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5223408937454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.513724684715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5112714767456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.4965701699256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4836615025997162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4812774062156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4793204069137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4717857539653778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.4533764719963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4530255198478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.45301157236099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.39789271354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39457884430885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.349414587020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12891292572021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19071704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071704","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/7/1704/pdf?version=1554879766","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30974747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30974747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a532dccee55e4449b2530691a7890cf2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a532dccee55e4449b2530691a7890cf2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 7, p 1704 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/7/1704/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6479590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6479590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19071704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071704","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/7/1704/pdf?version=1554879766","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3870432702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61605242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936011791.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936011791.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559022906","https://openalex.org/W1563029181","https://openalex.org/W1604155682","https://openalex.org/W1800125932","https://openalex.org/W1863995827","https://openalex.org/W1905930683","https://openalex.org/W1966447678","https://openalex.org/W1993235647","https://openalex.org/W2020324514","https://openalex.org/W2045197391","https://openalex.org/W2046579491","https://openalex.org/W2057277344","https://openalex.org/W2058568645","https://openalex.org/W2078812312","https://openalex.org/W2117215586","https://openalex.org/W2119362785","https://openalex.org/W2122469428","https://openalex.org/W2144598923","https://openalex.org/W2151840198","https://openalex.org/W2170790908","https://openalex.org/W2341459421","https://openalex.org/W2511369105","https://openalex.org/W2511472858","https://openalex.org/W2551421619","https://openalex.org/W2785781023","https://openalex.org/W2890675736","https://openalex.org/W3149903116","https://openalex.org/W3150724529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404","https://openalex.org/W2900391131","https://openalex.org/W1657752397","https://openalex.org/W3185162478","https://openalex.org/W1633787648","https://openalex.org/W4300066510","https://openalex.org/W1971337326","https://openalex.org/W2056958800","https://openalex.org/W4213259725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"problem":[1],"of":[2,43,64,98,124,155],"tracking":[3,125],"surface":[4,82],"shape-shifting":[5],"extended":[6,45,113],"target":[7,31,46,81,101,131],"by":[8,49,111,133],"using":[9],"gray":[10],"scale":[11],"pixels":[12],"on":[13,79],"optical":[14],"image":[15],"is":[16,24,32,47,58,66,103,109,137],"considered.":[17],"The":[18,30,54,74,150],"measurement":[19],"with":[20,146,159],"amplitude":[21,41],"information":[22],"(AI)":[23],"available":[25],"to":[26,68,76,119,161],"the":[27,40,44,61,70,80,87,91,99,106,112,121,140,147,153,156],"proposed":[28,157],"method.":[29],"regarded":[33],"as":[34],"a":[35,50,129],"convex":[36,71],"hemispheric":[37,72,88],"object,":[38],"and":[39,60,93,105,139],"distribution":[42],"represented":[48],"solid":[51],"radial":[52],"function.":[53],"Gaussian":[55],"process":[56,108],"(GP)":[57],"applied":[59],"covariance":[62],"function":[63],"GP":[65],"modified":[67],"fit":[69],"shape.":[73],"points":[75],"be":[77],"estimated":[78,100,148],"are":[83,144],"selected":[84],"reasonably":[85],"in":[86],"space":[89],"at":[90],"azimuth":[92],"pitch":[94],"directions.":[95],"Analytical":[96],"representation":[97],"extent":[102],"provided":[104],"recursive":[107],"implemented":[110],"Kalman":[114],"filter":[115],"(EKF).":[116],"In":[117],"order":[118],"demonstrate":[120],"algorithm's":[122],"ability":[123],"complex":[126],"shaped":[127],"targets,":[128],"trailing":[130],"characterized":[132],"two":[134,141],"feature":[135,142],"parameters":[136,143],"simulated":[138],"extracted":[145],"points.":[149],"simulations":[151],"verify":[152],"validity":[154],"method":[158],"compared":[160],"classical":[162],"algorithms.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}