{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2924079966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061423","title":"EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Motor-Imagery: Techniques and Challenges","display_name":"EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Motor-Imagery: Techniques and Challenges","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2924079966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061423","mag":"2924079966","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19061423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061423","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1423/pdf?version=1553259240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1423/pdf?version=1553259240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043798782","display_name":"Natasha Padfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5533-4807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Padfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Signal and Image Processing, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Signal and Image Processing, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043785449","display_name":"Jaime Zabalza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-1725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Zabalza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Signal and Image Processing, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Signal and Image Processing, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075054710","display_name":"Huimin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6877-2002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China","The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digital Content Processing and Security Technologies, Guangzhou 510665, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digital Content Processing and Security Technologies, Guangzhou 510665, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015428799","display_name":"Valent\u00edn Masero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-8292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentin Masero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems and Telematics Engineering, Universidad de Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems and Telematics Engineering, Universidad de Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084316677","display_name":"Jinchang Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-3194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinchang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Signal and Image Processing, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK","School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-3194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Signal and Image Processing, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075054710","https://openalex.org/A5084316677"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926","https://openalex.org/I4210122543","https://openalex.org/I9086337"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":26.7019,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":599,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99879039,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"1423","last_page":"1423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.9028329849243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.8446999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.8412955403327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6442888975143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5687898397445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4995269775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4259706139564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33385181427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18664371967315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.16488751769065857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.9028329849243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.8446999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.8412955403327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6442888975143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5687898397445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4995269775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4259706139564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33385181427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18664371967315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.16488751769065857}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005071","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19061423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061423","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1423/pdf?version=1553259240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30909489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:67409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1216985.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/67409/1/Padfield_etal_Sensors_2019_EEG_based_brain_computer_interfaces_using_motor_imagery.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:26489ac6ddcd4bb78003ee68b09f753d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/26489ac6ddcd4bb78003ee68b09f753d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 6, p 1423 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5465181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6471241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/6/1423/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rgu-repository.worktribe.com:1085674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1085674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19061423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061423","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1423/pdf?version=1553259240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4147855631","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u538b\u7f29\u611f\u77e5\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8508982622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018B030322016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310234","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2924079966.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2924079966.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":183,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89197320","https://openalex.org/W134385220","https://openalex.org/W987798910","https://openalex.org/W1147354400","https://openalex.org/W1482432820","https://openalex.org/W1504843752","https://openalex.org/W1529823160","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1542123009","https://openalex.org/W1554021804","https://openalex.org/W1622765363","https://openalex.org/W1635976235","https://openalex.org/W1735663193","https://openalex.org/W1813955176","https://openalex.org/W1888802514","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W1964195194","https://openalex.org/W1965551074","https://openalex.org/W1966742905","https://openalex.org/W1967941320","https://openalex.org/W1969921488","https://openalex.org/W1971140534","https://openalex.org/W1971984816","https://openalex.org/W1974518570","https://openalex.org/W1980381399","https://openalex.org/W1985741088","https://openalex.org/W1995980238","https://openalex.org/W1996368077","https://openalex.org/W1998275951","https://openalex.org/W2003087683","https://openalex.org/W2003621157","https://openalex.org/W2006252838","https://openalex.org/W2010371409","https://openalex.org/W2013899758","https://openalex.org/W2019907648","https://openalex.org/W2023968432","https://openalex.org/W2026169718","https://openalex.org/W2026405585","https://openalex.org/W2027746683","https://openalex.org/W2028124740","https://openalex.org/W2037317819","https://openalex.org/W2037417749","https://openalex.org/W2038314717","https://openalex.org/W2039750868","https://openalex.org/W2041667065","https://openalex.org/W2045323803","https://openalex.org/W2050209058","https://openalex.org/W2050832787","https://openalex.org/W2052482368","https://openalex.org/W2057219090","https://openalex.org/W2059915684","https://openalex.org/W2060460256","https://openalex.org/W2064493351","https://openalex.org/W2064632764","https://openalex.org/W2076346683","https://openalex.org/W2077345223","https://openalex.org/W2081020044","https://openalex.org/W2082756343","https://openalex.org/W2086510906","https://openalex.org/W2087733543","https://openalex.org/W2089589969","https://openalex.org/W2090262261","https://openalex.org/W2092298111","https://openalex.org/W2092685533","https://openalex.org/W2093296486","https://openalex.org/W2095317872","https://openalex.org/W2097120763","https://openalex.org/W2099323129","https://openalex.org/W2101221591","https://openalex.org/W2108405052","https://openalex.org/W2110999934","https://openalex.org/W2111692383","https://openalex.org/W2121286411","https://openalex.org/W2123060977","https://openalex.org/W2123205735","https://openalex.org/W2126958621","https://openalex.org/W2128909182","https://openalex.org/W2129270900","https://openalex.org/W2131321253","https://openalex.org/W2132360759","https://openalex.org/W2132820343","https://openalex.org/W2133565549","https://openalex.org/W2134523593","https://openalex.org/W2137340504","https://openalex.org/W2142723719","https://openalex.org/W2145256906","https://openalex.org/W2147527331","https://openalex.org/W2150020424","https://openalex.org/W2150825261","https://openalex.org/W2151781490","https://openalex.org/W2152863712","https://openalex.org/W2153912116","https://openalex.org/W2156832349","https://openalex.org/W2165217282","https://openalex.org/W2165810317","https://openalex.org/W2165892205","https://openalex.org/W2168500935","https://openalex.org/W2171872429","https://openalex.org/W2178647291","https://openalex.org/W2191668656","https://openalex.org/W2215327308","https://openalex.org/W2247051275","https://openalex.org/W2259317772","https://openalex.org/W2288494694","https://openalex.org/W2289846183","https://openalex.org/W2291176881","https://openalex.org/W2294648762","https://openalex.org/W2295061557","https://openalex.org/W2295977970","https://openalex.org/W2330135008","https://openalex.org/W2338065876","https://openalex.org/W2343607902","https://openalex.org/W2393954001","https://openalex.org/W2403373596","https://openalex.org/W2466195008","https://openalex.org/W2467810721","https://openalex.org/W2480195998","https://openalex.org/W2507528282","https://openalex.org/W2511364814","https://openalex.org/W2519140045","https://openalex.org/W2521878393","https://openalex.org/W2530751767","https://openalex.org/W2537773590","https://openalex.org/W2551178936","https://openalex.org/W2552990711","https://openalex.org/W2554910747","https://openalex.org/W2555804187","https://openalex.org/W2557301950","https://openalex.org/W2558692971","https://openalex.org/W2560437435","https://openalex.org/W2565991886","https://openalex.org/W2566221915","https://openalex.org/W2566815084","https://openalex.org/W2568461282","https://openalex.org/W2584922303","https://openalex.org/W2588634275","https://openalex.org/W2592751133","https://openalex.org/W2593843543","https://openalex.org/W2596799992","https://openalex.org/W2606321526","https://openalex.org/W2611109876","https://openalex.org/W2730100735","https://openalex.org/W2736583283","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2745687202","https://openalex.org/W2750599140","https://openalex.org/W2751732097","https://openalex.org/W2753750355","https://openalex.org/W2755670908","https://openalex.org/W2766483858","https://openalex.org/W2766586325","https://openalex.org/W2766672259","https://openalex.org/W2767782829","https://openalex.org/W2769529411","https://openalex.org/W2769891477","https://openalex.org/W2772303911","https://openalex.org/W2778861494","https://openalex.org/W2780806075","https://openalex.org/W2789288202","https://openalex.org/W2789946196","https://openalex.org/W2793531120","https://openalex.org/W2796547162","https://openalex.org/W2796645356","https://openalex.org/W2834889150","https://openalex.org/W2887457223","https://openalex.org/W2890088122","https://openalex.org/W2890822194","https://openalex.org/W2899008960","https://openalex.org/W2906752831","https://openalex.org/W2907353507","https://openalex.org/W2910206545","https://openalex.org/W2911969890","https://openalex.org/W2913518697","https://openalex.org/W2963626267","https://openalex.org/W2969621399","https://openalex.org/W4300106150","https://openalex.org/W4311096130","https://openalex.org/W6636783886","https://openalex.org/W6649729668","https://openalex.org/W6676261815","https://openalex.org/W6679108456","https://openalex.org/W6687214547","https://openalex.org/W6719877250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W2047816336","https://openalex.org/W2944296668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electroencephalography":[0],"(EEG)-based":[1],"brain-computer":[2],"interfaces":[3],"(BCIs),":[4],"particularly":[5,71],"those":[6,72],"using":[7],"motor-imagery":[8],"(MI)":[9],"data,":[10,76],"have":[11],"the":[12,32,53,65,84,89],"potential":[13],"to":[14],"become":[15],"groundbreaking":[16],"technologies":[17],"in":[18],"both":[19],"clinical":[20],"and":[21,58,77,91],"entertainment":[22],"settings.":[23],"MI":[24,45,75],"data":[25],"is":[26],"generated":[27],"when":[28],"a":[29,35,49,80],"subject":[30],"imagines":[31],"movement":[33],"of":[34,68,83,93],"limb.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"reviews":[39],"state-of-the-art":[40],"signal":[41],"processing":[42],"techniques":[43,60],"for":[44],"EEG-based":[46,69,94],"BCIs,":[47,70],"with":[48],"particular":[50],"focus":[51],"on":[52,74],"feature":[54,56],"extraction,":[55],"selection":[57],"classification":[59],"used.":[61],"It":[62],"also":[63],"summarizes":[64],"main":[66],"applications":[67],"based":[73],"finally":[78],"presents":[79],"detailed":[81],"discussion":[82],"most":[85],"prevalent":[86],"challenges":[87],"impeding":[88],"development":[90],"commercialization":[92],"BCIs.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":93},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}