{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921093253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061276","title":"Impact Analysis of Standardized GNSS Receiver Testing against Real-World Interferences Detected at Live Monitoring Sites","display_name":"Impact Analysis of Standardized GNSS Receiver Testing against Real-World Interferences Detected at Live Monitoring Sites","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921093253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061276","mag":"2921093253","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30871252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19061276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061276","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1276/pdf?version=1552478128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1276/pdf?version=1552478128","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042861027","display_name":"M. Zahidul H. Bhuiyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-1018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Zahidul H. Bhuiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037402440","display_name":"Nunzia Giorgia Ferrara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nunzia Giorgia Ferrara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075148144","display_name":"Amin Hashemi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Hashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024229898","display_name":"Sarang Thombre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5425-5939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33876163","display_name":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv3gf04","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarang Thombre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5425-5939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, 02430 Kirkkonummi, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060899474","display_name":"Michael Pattinson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136446","display_name":"Nottingham Scientific (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7rt838","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136446"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Pattinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Scientific Limited, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Scientific Limited, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081367265","display_name":"Mark Dumville","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136446","display_name":"Nottingham Scientific (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7rt838","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136446"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Dumville","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nottingham Scientific Limited, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nottingham Scientific Limited, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042861027"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33876163"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.3524,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96913344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"1276","last_page":"1276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9103456139564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.8184316158294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5171239376068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.47049710154533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-augmentation","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","score":0.4444253742694855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.381486177444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.35016006231307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3333023190498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.332943856716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.15610036253929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06650140881538391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9103456139564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.8184316158294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5171239376068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.47049710154533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.4444253742694855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.381486177444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.35016006231307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3333023190498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.332943856716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.15610036253929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06650140881538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19061276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061276","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1276/pdf?version=1552478128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30871252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30871252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1cc883ae13c34f7cb2e9c45f73312e80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1cc883ae13c34f7cb2e9c45f73312e80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 6, p 1276 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5465206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6471303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/300165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/300165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213322","display_name":"Ty\u00f6v\u00e4entutkimus Vuosikirja","issn_l":"0784-1272","issn":["0784-1272","1459-7780"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"A1 Journal article \u2013 refereed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/6/1276/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19061276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061276","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1276/pdf?version=1552478128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2784347130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"687329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320306","funder_display_name":"European GNSS Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7331901853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EU H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320306","display_name":"European GNSS Agency","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921093253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921093253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605943641","https://openalex.org/W2774364937","https://openalex.org/W2886766586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W3197004465","https://openalex.org/W2998303370","https://openalex.org/W4389860168","https://openalex.org/W2525440477","https://openalex.org/W2374813830","https://openalex.org/W3103057830","https://openalex.org/W1494365804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GNSS-based":[0],"applications":[1,15],"are":[2],"susceptible":[3],"to":[4,46,79],"different":[5,81,90],"threats,":[6,144],"including":[7],"radio":[8],"frequency":[9],"interference.":[10],"Ensuring":[11],"that":[12,132],"the":[13,20,24,36,48,96,108,141],"new":[14],"can":[16],"be":[17],"validated":[18],"against":[19,85],"latest":[21],"threats":[22],"supports":[23],"wider":[25],"adoption":[26],"and":[27,65,73,106,117,152],"success":[28],"of":[29,38,51,61,83,113,125,134,154],"GNSS":[30,40,62],"in":[31,102,123,150],"higher":[32],"value":[33],"markets.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"availability":[37],"standardized":[39,76,103],"receiver":[41,52,127,136],"testing":[42,67],"procedures":[43,78],"is":[44],"central":[45],"developing":[47],"next":[49],"generation":[50],"technologies.":[53],"The":[54,120],"EU":[55],"Horizon2020":[56],"research":[57],"project":[58],"STRIKE3":[59],"(Standardization":[60],"Threat":[63],"reporting":[64],"Receiver":[66],"through":[68],"International":[69],"Knowledge":[70],"Exchange,":[71],"Experimentation":[72],"Exploitation)":[74],"proposed":[75],"test":[77,104],"validate":[80],"categories":[82,112,137],"receivers":[84],"real-world":[86],"interferences,":[87],"detected":[88],"at":[89],"monitoring":[91],"sites.":[92],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"describes":[95],"recorded":[97],"interference":[98,143],"signatures,":[99],"their":[100,155],"use":[101],"procedures,":[105],"analyzes":[107],"result":[109,121],"for":[110],"two":[111],"receivers,":[114],"namely":[115],"mass-market":[116],"professional":[118],"grade.":[119],"analysis":[122],"terms":[124],"well-defined":[126],"key":[128],"performance":[129,133],"indicators":[130],"showed":[131],"both":[135],"was":[138,147],"degraded":[139],"by":[140],"selected":[142],"although":[145],"there":[146],"considerable":[148],"difference":[149],"degree":[151],"nature":[153],"impact.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
