{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898646410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051151","title":"Noninvasive Electromagnetic Wave Sensing of Glucose","display_name":"Noninvasive Electromagnetic Wave Sensing of Glucose","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898646410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051151","mag":"2898646410","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30866459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1151/pdf?version=1551944647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1151/pdf?version=1551944647","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064427565","display_name":"Ruochong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5611-6155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruochong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5611-6155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326236","display_name":"Siyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1370-3210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1370-3210","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036251446","display_name":"Haoran Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9412-3946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057565984","display_name":"Yunqi Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqi Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068179156","display_name":"Zesheng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-6986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zesheng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065734652","display_name":"Fei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-1499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016044907","display_name":"Yuanjin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-367X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanjin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016044907","https://openalex.org/A5065734652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I30809798"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":22.3343,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99497163,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"1151","last_page":"1151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.6493330597877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.5455729961395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5130468606948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-spectroscopy-and-technology","display_name":"Terahertz spectroscopy and technology","score":0.49505725502967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","score":0.4781671166419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4514349102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-radiation","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","score":0.42295798659324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39450526237487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3923609256744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3909918963909149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.3555047810077667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.34435558319091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.31879037618637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.29301077127456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19342678785324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15066978335380554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.6493330597877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.5455729961395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5130468606948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77887725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157147","display_name":"Terahertz spectroscopy and technology","level":3,"score":0.49505725502967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4781671166419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4514349102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.42295798659324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39450526237487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3923609256744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3909918963909149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3555047810077667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34435558319091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.31879037618637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.29301077127456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19342678785324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15066978335380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015190","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015190","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015190","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015190","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060733","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060733","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060733","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060733","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1151/pdf?version=1551944647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30866459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30866459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ebe4d51f6f2f4eb8b98f8450f6442f4b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ebe4d51f6f2f4eb8b98f8450f6442f4b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 5, p 1151 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/84636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/49157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5445628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6427587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/5/1151/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051151","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1151/pdf?version=1551944647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898646410.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898646410.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":147,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4645046","https://openalex.org/W119570838","https://openalex.org/W580580095","https://openalex.org/W1488133193","https://openalex.org/W1510740834","https://openalex.org/W1528670894","https://openalex.org/W1536675431","https://openalex.org/W1542860649","https://openalex.org/W1588993394","https://openalex.org/W1604709643","https://openalex.org/W1654139916","https://openalex.org/W1723785838","https://openalex.org/W1923133386","https://openalex.org/W1938981039","https://openalex.org/W1963542379","https://openalex.org/W1963853926","https://openalex.org/W1964063750","https://openalex.org/W1964503221","https://openalex.org/W1965187746","https://openalex.org/W1966660089","https://openalex.org/W1971378522","https://openalex.org/W1972352298","https://openalex.org/W1972432506","https://openalex.org/W1978693439","https://openalex.org/W1986495510","https://openalex.org/W1987418288","https://openalex.org/W1992729058","https://openalex.org/W1995581381","https://openalex.org/W1996168671","https://openalex.org/W1998948607","https://openalex.org/W2005593275","https://openalex.org/W2011041580","https://openalex.org/W2011277941","https://openalex.org/W2011922821","https://openalex.org/W2012042639","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2018952287","https://openalex.org/W2021441410","https://openalex.org/W2026039351","https://openalex.org/W2031335397","https://openalex.org/W2036030512","https://openalex.org/W2037232743","https://openalex.org/W2039427047","https://openalex.org/W2039805304","https://openalex.org/W2041033069","https://openalex.org/W2045210707","https://openalex.org/W2046433337","https://openalex.org/W2047808460","https://openalex.org/W2051791536","https://openalex.org/W2059502484","https://openalex.org/W2060911425","https://openalex.org/W2062573090","https://openalex.org/W2072443063","https://openalex.org/W2073488032","https://openalex.org/W2076902226","https://openalex.org/W2077702387","https://openalex.org/W2078115310","https://openalex.org/W2080054545","https://openalex.org/W2080911327","https://openalex.org/W2085765714","https://openalex.org/W2089787098","https://openalex.org/W2097911112","https://openalex.org/W2098313801","https://openalex.org/W2098735230","https://openalex.org/W2101725562","https://openalex.org/W2104139011","https://openalex.org/W2106080211","https://openalex.org/W2111714281","https://openalex.org/W2112149778","https://openalex.org/W2114311742","https://openalex.org/W2117191993","https://openalex.org/W2121170854","https://openalex.org/W2124788738","https://openalex.org/W2132681327","https://openalex.org/W2137639053","https://openalex.org/W2138592519","https://openalex.org/W2139033211","https://openalex.org/W2145770174","https://openalex.org/W2146003105","https://openalex.org/W2146712490","https://openalex.org/W2152745184","https://openalex.org/W2153853132","https://openalex.org/W2157373537","https://openalex.org/W2158262871","https://openalex.org/W2163244244","https://openalex.org/W2164339922","https://openalex.org/W2166486050","https://openalex.org/W2168261002","https://openalex.org/W2176014590","https://openalex.org/W2223592687","https://openalex.org/W2293181212","https://openalex.org/W2310685825","https://openalex.org/W2314985774","https://openalex.org/W2322233109","https://openalex.org/W2327845572","https://openalex.org/W2418802570","https://openalex.org/W2466231288","https://openalex.org/W2475954707","https://openalex.org/W2477907378","https://openalex.org/W2505777632","https://openalex.org/W2511359190","https://openalex.org/W2535689151","https://openalex.org/W2554448368","https://openalex.org/W2565742452","https://openalex.org/W2577350032","https://openalex.org/W2584998987","https://openalex.org/W2589165018","https://openalex.org/W2591901709","https://openalex.org/W2591902144","https://openalex.org/W2597687080","https://openalex.org/W2726359415","https://openalex.org/W2738216562","https://openalex.org/W2739094172","https://openalex.org/W2743114258","https://openalex.org/W2749941430","https://openalex.org/W2777902109","https://openalex.org/W2784302188","https://openalex.org/W2790697368","https://openalex.org/W2791623150","https://openalex.org/W2798227161","https://openalex.org/W2801992319","https://openalex.org/W2806788576","https://openalex.org/W2811311364","https://openalex.org/W2902027499","https://openalex.org/W2995758104","https://openalex.org/W3092511307","https://openalex.org/W3143888242","https://openalex.org/W4210953420","https://openalex.org/W4211058450","https://openalex.org/W4211157329","https://openalex.org/W4212787257","https://openalex.org/W4243669295","https://openalex.org/W4246105043","https://openalex.org/W4248065637","https://openalex.org/W4253826510","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302374119","https://openalex.org/W4385372587","https://openalex.org/W6600192168","https://openalex.org/W6637158854","https://openalex.org/W6641374159","https://openalex.org/W6677595339","https://openalex.org/W6680388172","https://openalex.org/W6698735606","https://openalex.org/W6701515317","https://openalex.org/W6733965212","https://openalex.org/W6753298553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033532584","https://openalex.org/W2087227458","https://openalex.org/W2810563312","https://openalex.org/W2471738782","https://openalex.org/W2808347648","https://openalex.org/W2899870984","https://openalex.org/W2811462147","https://openalex.org/W2367871797","https://openalex.org/W2061199803","https://openalex.org/W1988901865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"patients":[1],"need":[2],"long-term":[3],"and":[4,19,61,77,104],"frequent":[5],"glucose":[6,24,42],"monitoring":[7],"to":[8],"assist":[9],"in":[10,26],"insulin":[11],"intake.":[12],"The":[13,64,101],"current":[14],"finger-prick":[15],"devices":[16],"are":[17,109],"painful":[18],"costly,":[20],"which":[21],"places":[22],"noninvasive":[23,41],"sensors":[25],"high":[27],"demand.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30,115],"review":[31],"paper,":[32],"we":[33],"list":[34],"several":[35],"advanced":[36],"electromagnetic":[37],"(EM)-wave-based":[38],"technologies":[39],"for":[40],"measurement,":[43],"including":[44],"infrared":[45],"(IR)":[46],"spectroscopy,":[47,50,52,60],"photoacoustic":[48],"(PA)":[49],"Raman":[51],"fluorescence,":[53],"optical":[54],"coherence":[55],"tomography":[56],"(OCT),":[57],"Terahertz":[58],"(THz)":[59],"microwave":[62],"sensing.":[63],"development":[65],"of":[66,114],"each":[67],"method":[68],"is":[69],"discussed":[70],"regarding":[71],"the":[72,81,112],"fundamental":[73],"principle,":[74],"system":[75],"setup,":[76],"experimental":[78],"results.":[79],"Despite":[80],"promising":[82],"achievements":[83],"that":[84],"have":[85],"been":[86],"previously":[87],"reported,":[88],"no":[89],"established":[90],"product":[91],"has":[92],"obtained":[93],"FDA":[94],"approval":[95],"or":[96],"survived":[97],"a":[98],"marketing":[99],"test.":[100],"limitations":[102],"of,":[103],"prospects":[105],"for,":[106],"these":[107],"techniques":[108],"presented":[110],"at":[111],"end":[113],"review.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}