{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920527275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051132","title":"A Method for Broccoli Seedling Recognition in Natural Environment Based on Binocular Stereo Vision and Gaussian Mixture Model","display_name":"A Method for Broccoli Seedling Recognition in Natural Environment Based on Binocular Stereo Vision and Gaussian Mixture Model","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920527275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051132","mag":"2920527275","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30845680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1132/pdf?version=1551858661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1132/pdf?version=1551858661","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012474831","display_name":"Luzhen Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7751-4905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luzhen Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101040276","display_name":"Zhilun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhilun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101736882","display_name":"Zhe Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-8442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102301314","display_name":"Gan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447315","display_name":"Ming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1175-4636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008898234","display_name":"Kaifei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-5832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaifei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101524003","display_name":"Chunlong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-1856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunlong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009652370","display_name":"Yuzhi Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhi Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100782935","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua Rd.(E) No.17, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009652370","https://openalex.org/A5101524003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":6.1117,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95482673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"1132","last_page":"1132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling","display_name":"Seedling","score":0.9045780897140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6106351017951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6038722991943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5094631314277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46486908197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.42982223629951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.42664629220962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.41366612911224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3600723147392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34914451837539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.280133992433548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17335104942321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16991117596626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.14553728699684143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.9045780897140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6106351017951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6038722991943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5094631314277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46486908197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42982223629951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.42664629220962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41366612911224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3600723147392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34914451837539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.280133992433548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17335104942321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16991117596626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14553728699684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001937","descriptor_name":"Brassica","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001937","descriptor_name":"Brassica","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001937","descriptor_name":"Brassica","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015348","descriptor_name":"Vision, Binocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015348","descriptor_name":"Vision, Binocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015348","descriptor_name":"Vision, Binocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036226","descriptor_name":"Seedlings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036226","descriptor_name":"Seedlings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036226","descriptor_name":"Seedlings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1132/pdf?version=1551858661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30845680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30845680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5445666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6427649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/5/1132/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051132","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1132/pdf?version=1551858661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G466649759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4739738087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFD0701303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8340078520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8879140717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFD0701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920527275.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920527275.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39152304","https://openalex.org/W1149115504","https://openalex.org/W1579271636","https://openalex.org/W1887748936","https://openalex.org/W1953793983","https://openalex.org/W1966700593","https://openalex.org/W1994028881","https://openalex.org/W2020258325","https://openalex.org/W2036402332","https://openalex.org/W2037292844","https://openalex.org/W2054161605","https://openalex.org/W2064341623","https://openalex.org/W2068815075","https://openalex.org/W2072723786","https://openalex.org/W2074661814","https://openalex.org/W2107037534","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2124535811","https://openalex.org/W2160155345","https://openalex.org/W2165114467","https://openalex.org/W2167667767","https://openalex.org/W2183013935","https://openalex.org/W2198825651","https://openalex.org/W2199470297","https://openalex.org/W2252833860","https://openalex.org/W2255560008","https://openalex.org/W2257295833","https://openalex.org/W2303323562","https://openalex.org/W2317958483","https://openalex.org/W2424559117","https://openalex.org/W2426271458","https://openalex.org/W2428837527","https://openalex.org/W2462955441","https://openalex.org/W2466520635","https://openalex.org/W2488678869","https://openalex.org/W2534435163","https://openalex.org/W2555576940","https://openalex.org/W2566624600","https://openalex.org/W2579993107","https://openalex.org/W2590674958","https://openalex.org/W2613511257","https://openalex.org/W2732084414","https://openalex.org/W2751950834","https://openalex.org/W2755415933","https://openalex.org/W2760027208","https://openalex.org/W2760986250","https://openalex.org/W2765762479","https://openalex.org/W2768013318","https://openalex.org/W2768547285","https://openalex.org/W2768995483","https://openalex.org/W2774277565","https://openalex.org/W2789858607","https://openalex.org/W2790032292","https://openalex.org/W2794329609","https://openalex.org/W2803704160","https://openalex.org/W2808539888","https://openalex.org/W2896934733","https://openalex.org/W2964287254","https://openalex.org/W3179205786","https://openalex.org/W4229607849","https://openalex.org/W6798255905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388922981","https://openalex.org/W2376588297","https://openalex.org/W2043993394","https://openalex.org/W2379020407","https://openalex.org/W2366809278","https://openalex.org/W2111376716","https://openalex.org/W2257276718","https://openalex.org/W2378658865","https://openalex.org/W2355792773","https://openalex.org/W2146559394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Illumination":[0],"in":[1,74,90,105,260,386],"the":[2,8,19,47,69,78,136,142,156,166,177,183,192,199,216,221,238,247,254,261,265,280,308,322,326,331,338,360,366],"natural":[3,91,262,387],"environment":[4],"is":[5,11,103,271,277,334,342,354,371],"uncontrollable,":[6],"and":[7,13,30,50,72,98,120,126,131,159,191,237,264,287,304,337,380],"field":[9],"background":[10,71],"complex":[12],"changeable":[14],"which":[15],"all":[16],"leads":[17],"to":[18,77,214,279,365],"poor":[20],"quality":[21],"of":[22,28,52,81,86,111,135,231,257,269,282,289,297,312,319,324,330,344,347,352,359],"broccoli":[23,31,53,64,87,112,193,223,232,239,258],"seedling":[24,54,88,194,224],"images.":[25,348],"The":[26,39,63,147,242,274,294,349,356,373],"colors":[27],"weeds":[29,73],"seedlings":[32,65,113,233,240],"are":[33,66],"close,":[34],"especially":[35],"under":[36],"weedy":[37],"conditions.":[38],"factors":[40],"above":[41],"have":[42],"a":[43,99,132,169,317,377],"large":[44],"influence":[45],"on":[46,57,94,208],"stability,":[48],"velocity":[49],"accuracy":[51],"recognition":[55,89,295,340,385],"based":[56,93,207],"traditional":[58],"2D":[59],"image":[60],"processing":[61],"technologies.":[62],"higher":[67],"than":[68],"soil":[70],"height":[75],"due":[76],"growth":[79],"advantage":[80],"transplanted":[82],"crops.":[83],"A":[84],"method":[85,173,333,374],"environments":[92],"Binocular":[95],"Stereo":[96],"Vision":[97],"Gaussian":[100,184,298],"Mixture":[101,185,299],"Model":[102,186,300],"proposed":[104,332],"this":[106],"paper.":[107],"Firstly,":[108],"binocular":[109,122],"images":[110,128,138,259,320],"were":[114,129,196],"obtained":[115,140],"by":[116,141],"an":[117,227],"integrated,":[118],"portable":[119],"low-cost":[121],"camera.":[123],"Then":[124],"left":[125,160],"right":[127],"rectified,":[130],"disparity":[133,157],"map":[134,158],"rectified":[137],"was":[139,153,174,189,212],"Semi-Global":[143,248],"Matching":[144,249],"(SGM)":[145,250],"algorithm.":[146],"original":[148],"3D":[149],"dense":[150],"point":[151,179,201,229],"cloud":[152,230],"reconstructed":[154],"using":[155],"camera":[161],"internal":[162],"parameters.":[163],"To":[164,315],"reduce":[165],"operation":[167,267],"time,":[168],"non-uniform":[170],"grid":[171],"sample":[172],"used":[175],"for":[176,383],"sparse":[178,200],"cloud.":[180,202],"After":[181],"that,":[182],"(GMM)":[187,301],"cluster":[188],"exploited":[190],"points":[195,218],"recognized":[197,222],"from":[198],"An":[203],"outlier":[204],"filtering":[205],"algorithm":[206,251,276,286],"k-nearest":[209],"neighbors":[210],"(KNN)":[211],"applied":[213],"remove":[215],"discrete":[217],"along":[219],"with":[220,307,321],"points.":[225],"Finally,":[226],"ideal":[228],"can":[234,252,375],"be":[235],"obtained,":[236],"recognized.":[241],"experimental":[243],"results":[244,296],"show":[245],"that":[246],"meet":[253],"matching":[255],"requirements":[256],"environment,":[263],"average":[266,309,350,357],"time":[268,311,329],"SGM":[270,275],"138":[272],"ms.":[273,314],"superior":[278],"Sum":[281,288],"Absolute":[283],"Differences":[284,291],"(SAD)":[285],"Squared":[290],"(SSD)":[292],"algorithms.":[293],"outperforms":[302],"K-means":[303],"Fuzzy":[305],"c-means":[306],"running":[310,328],"51":[313],"process":[316],"pair":[318],"resolution":[323],"640\u00d7480,":[325],"total":[327],"578":[335],"ms,":[336],"correct":[339],"rate":[341],"97.98%":[343],"247":[345],"pairs":[346],"value":[351],"sensitivity":[353],"85.91%.":[355],"percentage":[358],"theoretical":[361],"envelope":[362,368],"box":[363,369],"volume":[364,370],"measured":[367],"95.66%.":[372],"provide":[376],"low-cost,":[378],"real-time":[379],"high-accuracy":[381],"solution":[382],"crop":[384],"environment.":[388]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
