{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920541662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051120","title":"Adaptive Target Birth Intensity Multi-Bernoulli Filter with Noise-Based Threshold","display_name":"Adaptive Target Birth Intensity Multi-Bernoulli Filter with Noise-Based Threshold","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920541662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051120","mag":"2920541662","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30841614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051120","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1120/pdf?version=1551787194","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1120/pdf?version=1551787194","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039539402","display_name":"Xiaolong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-9229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113123085","display_name":"Hongbing Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongbing Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348301","display_name":"Long Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4662-6829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113123085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.0126,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82213573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"1120","last_page":"1120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6388376951217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6017542481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5771225690841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5465079545974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bernoullis-principle","display_name":"Bernoulli's principle","score":0.516474723815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.4953712224960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44274309277534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.42897728085517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.413700133562088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.34497857093811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2984204888343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21680736541748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19164037704467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.14030411839485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.122444748878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.09097898006439209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6388376951217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6017542481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5771225690841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5465079545974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152361515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181328","display_name":"Bernoulli's principle","level":2,"score":0.516474723815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.4953712224960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44274309277534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.42897728085517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.413700133562088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.34497857093811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2984204888343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21680736541748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19164037704467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14030411839485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.122444748878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.09097898006439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051120","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1120/pdf?version=1551787194","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30841614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30841614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8013cb29a1db4ac1953c47ff080dc635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8013cb29a1db4ac1953c47ff080dc635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 5, p 1120 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5445541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6427438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/5/1120/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051120","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1120/pdf?version=1551787194","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1518222818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018M633467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2030683882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4194143705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61803288","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249334224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920541662.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920541662.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142524610","https://openalex.org/W366026498","https://openalex.org/W1542115870","https://openalex.org/W1909771825","https://openalex.org/W1985621395","https://openalex.org/W1997116353","https://openalex.org/W2014787937","https://openalex.org/W2023451621","https://openalex.org/W2049244691","https://openalex.org/W2098296991","https://openalex.org/W2105905583","https://openalex.org/W2106873007","https://openalex.org/W2110354007","https://openalex.org/W2123378338","https://openalex.org/W2126885789","https://openalex.org/W2137585588","https://openalex.org/W2147997178","https://openalex.org/W2175140383","https://openalex.org/W2249099555","https://openalex.org/W2339936177","https://openalex.org/W2424916488","https://openalex.org/W2527751063","https://openalex.org/W2572316854","https://openalex.org/W2574583772","https://openalex.org/W2589305222","https://openalex.org/W2613599245","https://openalex.org/W2624719059","https://openalex.org/W2625341703","https://openalex.org/W2764024189","https://openalex.org/W2791532005","https://openalex.org/W2795713352","https://openalex.org/W2894467378","https://openalex.org/W2899676853","https://openalex.org/W2963272312","https://openalex.org/W3121467744","https://openalex.org/W6678267458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002177687","https://openalex.org/W2058438338","https://openalex.org/W2019471580","https://openalex.org/W1619264321","https://openalex.org/W2941284322","https://openalex.org/W4224920876","https://openalex.org/W2168299207","https://openalex.org/W4308671316","https://openalex.org/W2920945101","https://openalex.org/W2899588557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adaptively":[0],"modeling":[1,76],"the":[2,8,20,31,50,56,73,81,85,92,121,131,138,141,145,160,174,178,184,187],"target":[3,21,32,45,51,104,122,142,151],"birth":[4,22,33,40,59,75,105,123,143,152],"intensity":[5,106],"while":[6],"maintaining":[7],"filtering":[9],"efficiency":[10,69,162],"is":[11,24,35,113],"a":[12,27,65,96,126,169],"challenging":[13],"issue":[14],"in":[15,37,43,49,67,115,125,173],"multi-target":[16,93,109,179],"tracking":[17,46,94,157],"(MTT).":[18],"Generally,":[19],"probability":[23,124],"predefined":[25],"as":[26],"constant":[28],"and":[29,90,154],"only":[30],"density":[34],"considered":[36],"existing":[38,57],"adaptive":[39,58,103],"models,":[41],"resulting":[42],"deteriorated":[44],"accuracy,":[47],"especially":[48],"appearing":[52],"cases.":[53],"In":[54],"addition,":[55],"models":[60],"also":[61],"give":[62],"rise":[63],"to":[64,136],"decline":[66],"operation":[68],"on":[70],"account":[71],"of":[72,84,87,133,140,177,186],"extra":[74],"calculations.":[77],"To":[78],"properly":[79],"adapt":[80,150],"real":[82],"variation":[83],"number":[86],"newborn":[88],"targets":[89],"improve":[91],"performance,":[95],"novel":[97],"fast":[98],"sequential":[99],"Monte":[100],"Carlo":[101],"(SMC)":[102],"cardinality":[107],"balanced":[108],"multi-Bernoulli":[110],"(CBMeMBer)":[111],"filter":[112,147],"proposed":[114,146,188],"this":[116],"paper.":[117],"Through":[118],"adaptively":[119],"conducting":[120],"pre-processing":[127],"step,":[128],"which":[129],"incorporates":[130],"information":[132],"current":[134],"measurements":[135],"correct":[137],"pre-setting":[139],"probability,":[144],"can":[148,163],"truly":[149],"cases":[153],"achieve":[155],"better":[156],"accuracy.":[158],"Moreover,":[159],"implementation":[161],"be":[164],"improved":[165],"significantly":[166],"by":[167],"employing":[168],"measurement":[170],"noise-based":[171],"threshold":[172],"likelihood":[175],"calculations":[176],"updating.":[180],"Simulation":[181],"results":[182],"verify":[183],"effectiveness":[185],"filter.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
