{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916874502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051011","title":"Improving In-Situ Estimation of Soil Profile Properties Using a Multi-Sensor Probe","display_name":"Improving In-Situ Estimation of Soil Profile Properties Using a Multi-Sensor Probe","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916874502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051011","mag":"2916874502","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30818828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1011/pdf?version=1551265943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1011/pdf?version=1551265943","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067617626","display_name":"Xiaoshuai Pei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshuai Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research-Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research-Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012501342","display_name":"Kenneth A. Sudduth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-0668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135053","display_name":"Quality Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0zfc19","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth A. Sudduth","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088080112","display_name":"Kristen S. Veum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-913X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135053","display_name":"Quality Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0zfc19","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen S. Veum","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-913X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA-ARS Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135053"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067512214","display_name":"Minzan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-0020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minzan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research-Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research-Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012501342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135053"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.061,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84652538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"1011","last_page":"1011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vnir","display_name":"VNIR","score":0.6543166637420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.6464645862579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-test","display_name":"Soil test","score":0.6173860430717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","score":0.5944510102272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silt","display_name":"Silt","score":0.5887360572814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water","display_name":"Soil water","score":0.5230658650398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5157628059387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cation-exchange-capacity","display_name":"Cation-exchange capacity","score":0.5053475499153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penetrometer","display_name":"Penetrometer","score":0.4761624038219452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-texture","display_name":"Soil texture","score":0.46650949120521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4569784104824066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-carbon","display_name":"Soil carbon","score":0.4331132769584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.413972407579422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsoil","display_name":"Topsoil","score":0.41228288412094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.34399718046188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.32590532302856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralogy","display_name":"Mineralogy","score":0.3220650553703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18489983677864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18429121375083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.0959373414516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.07720062136650085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5457282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907352","display_name":"VNIR","level":3,"score":0.6543166637420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.6464645862579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50516716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877107","display_name":"Soil test","level":3,"score":0.6173860430717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.5944510102272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161222754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270699","display_name":"Silt","level":2,"score":0.5887360572814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.5230658650398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5157628059387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197484155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898477","display_name":"Cation-exchange capacity","level":3,"score":0.5053475499153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780830269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902845","display_name":"Penetrometer","level":3,"score":0.4761624038219452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175963888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5026010","display_name":"Soil texture","level":3,"score":0.46650949120521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4569784104824066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39464130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898","display_name":"Soil carbon","level":3,"score":0.4331132769584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.413972407579422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20529654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247456","display_name":"Topsoil","level":3,"score":0.41228288412094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.34399718046188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.32590532302856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.3220650553703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18489983677864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18429121375083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.0959373414516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07720062136650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1011/pdf?version=1551265943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30818828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30818828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:44acd69febb64d529d4b00940ccf83e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/44acd69febb64d529d4b00940ccf83e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 5, p 1011 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5445651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6427626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/5/1011/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19051011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1011/pdf?version=1551265943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G126970502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31801265","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7029604251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFD0700304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321131","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332605","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916874502.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916874502.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592341820","https://openalex.org/W1619233213","https://openalex.org/W1897431659","https://openalex.org/W1963823307","https://openalex.org/W1970016156","https://openalex.org/W1973273412","https://openalex.org/W1981420979","https://openalex.org/W1985518702","https://openalex.org/W1993971389","https://openalex.org/W1998053851","https://openalex.org/W2000635226","https://openalex.org/W2003924401","https://openalex.org/W2004407537","https://openalex.org/W2007365900","https://openalex.org/W2016090370","https://openalex.org/W2017441779","https://openalex.org/W2017977879","https://openalex.org/W2019942469","https://openalex.org/W2021165766","https://openalex.org/W2024081693","https://openalex.org/W2030102123","https://openalex.org/W2039511540","https://openalex.org/W2044641274","https://openalex.org/W2049135825","https://openalex.org/W2049609768","https://openalex.org/W2052903566","https://openalex.org/W2055605909","https://openalex.org/W2059414143","https://openalex.org/W2067558695","https://openalex.org/W2073503722","https://openalex.org/W2074146906","https://openalex.org/W2077313178","https://openalex.org/W2078770572","https://openalex.org/W2079018991","https://openalex.org/W2079586129","https://openalex.org/W2083259748","https://openalex.org/W2095414472","https://openalex.org/W2123521755","https://openalex.org/W2137997598","https://openalex.org/W2142606975","https://openalex.org/W2158551840","https://openalex.org/W2165993842","https://openalex.org/W2170201912","https://openalex.org/W2345098597","https://openalex.org/W2492754062","https://openalex.org/W2547616890","https://openalex.org/W2606654781","https://openalex.org/W2735575926","https://openalex.org/W2735877794","https://openalex.org/W2754473040","https://openalex.org/W2901458356","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4232202009","https://openalex.org/W6640966914","https://openalex.org/W6704834396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007092954","https://openalex.org/W2338748551","https://openalex.org/W2042935699","https://openalex.org/W2074961263","https://openalex.org/W2945628979","https://openalex.org/W4385949002","https://openalex.org/W3093470871","https://openalex.org/W1673722578","https://openalex.org/W2088395762","https://openalex.org/W2266807903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"diffuse":[1],"reflectance":[2],"spectroscopy":[3],"(DRS)":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"used":[7],"for":[8,24,225,249,261,285],"estimating":[9],"soil":[10,33,51,88,94,119,122,130,179,251,266,290],"physical":[11],"and":[12,28,59,74,93,109,115,134,146,151,160,174,197,211,272,282],"chemical":[13],"properties":[14,34,95,102,120,252,267],"in":[15,35,47,98,110,229],"the":[16,22,36,54,99,157,181,188,218,235,259,276],"laboratory.":[17,100],"In-situ":[18],"DRS":[19],"measurements":[20],"offer":[21],"potential":[23,260],"rapid,":[25],"reliable,":[26],"non-destructive,":[27],"low":[29],"cost":[30],"measurement":[31],"of":[32,190,206,264,279,288],"field.":[37],"In":[38,201],"this":[39,256],"study,":[40],"conducted":[41],"on":[42],"two":[43,236],"central":[44],"Missouri":[45],"fields":[46,237],"2016,":[48],"a":[49,79,84,193,269],"commercial":[50],"profile":[52,265,289],"instrument,":[53],"Veris":[55],"P4000,":[56],"acquired":[57],"visible":[58],"near-infrared":[60],"(VNIR)":[61],"spectra":[62,107,215],"(343\u20132222":[63],"nm),":[64],"apparent":[65],"electrical":[66],"conductivity":[67],"(ECa),":[68],"cone":[69],"index":[70],"(CI)":[71],"penetrometer":[72],"readings,":[73],"depth":[75,82],"data,":[76],"simultaneously":[77],"to":[78,156],"1":[80],"m":[81],"using":[83,105,268],"vertical":[85],"probe.":[86],"Simultaneously,":[87],"core":[89],"samples":[90],"were":[91,96,103,154,232],"obtained":[92,186],"measured":[97],"Soil":[101],"estimated":[104],"VNIR":[106,214],"alone":[108],"combination":[111,189,278],"with":[112,187,192,243],"depth,":[113],"ECa,":[114],"CI":[116],"(DECS).":[117],"Estimated":[118],"included":[121,164],"organic":[123],"carbon":[124],"(SOC),":[125],"total":[126],"nitrogen":[127],"(TN),":[128],"moisture,":[129],"texture":[131],"(clay,":[132],"silt,":[133,207],"sand),":[135],"cation":[136],"exchange":[137],"capacity":[138],"(CEC),":[139],"calcium":[140],"(Ca),":[141],"magnesium":[142],"(Mg),":[143],"potassium":[144],"(K),":[145],"pH.":[147],"Multiple":[148],"preprocessing":[149,191],"techniques":[150,284],"calibration":[152],"methods":[153,163],"applied":[155],"spectral":[158],"data":[159],"evaluated.":[161],"Calibration":[162],"partial":[165],"least":[166],"squares":[167],"regression":[168,172],"(PLSR),":[169],"neural":[170],"networks,":[171],"trees,":[173],"random":[175],"forests.":[176],"For":[177],"most":[178],"properties,":[180],"best":[182,277],"model":[183],"performance":[184],"was":[185,220],"Gaussian":[194],"smoothing":[195],"filter":[196],"analysis":[198],"by":[199],"PLSR.":[200],"addition,":[202],"DECS":[203],"improved":[204],"estimation":[205,230,263,287],"sand,":[208],"CEC,":[209],"Ca,":[210],"Mg":[212],"over":[213],"alone;":[216],"however,":[217],"improvement":[219],"more":[221],"than":[222],"5%":[223],"only":[224],"Ca.":[226],"Finally,":[227],"differences":[228],"accuracy":[231],"observed":[233],"between":[234],"despite":[238],"them":[239],"having":[240],"similar":[241],"soils,":[242],"one":[244],"field":[245],"demonstrating":[246],"better":[247],"results":[248],"all":[250],"except":[253],"silt.":[254],"Overall,":[255],"study":[257],"demonstrates":[258],"in-situ":[262,286],"multi-sensor":[270],"approach,":[271],"provides":[273],"suggestions":[274],"regarding":[275],"sensors,":[280],"preprocessing,":[281],"modeling":[283],"properties.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}