{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916562447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040962","title":"A New Self-Powered Sensor Using the Radial Field Piezoelectric Diaphragm in d33 Mode for Detecting Underwater Disturbances","display_name":"A New Self-Powered Sensor Using the Radial Field Piezoelectric Diaphragm in d33 Mode for Detecting Underwater Disturbances","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916562447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040962","mag":"2916562447","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30813503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19040962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040962","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/962/pdf?version=1551077116","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/962/pdf?version=1551077116","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034859277","display_name":"Xingxu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingxu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore","State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071107616","display_name":"Xiaobiao Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4640-7749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobiao Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104277362","display_name":"Zhiyuan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2740-5588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050032304","display_name":"Tao Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-9553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113521751","display_name":"Jianmin Miao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianmin Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050032304","https://openalex.org/A5113521751"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005","https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.0008,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89950116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"962","last_page":"962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.6776994466781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaphragm","display_name":"Diaphragm (acoustics)","score":0.5943855047225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5623189806938171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.5201231241226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3992266356945038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.38675689697265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.13586261868476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09985357522964478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6776994466781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164292776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5271779","display_name":"Diaphragm (acoustics)","level":3,"score":0.5943855047225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5623189806938171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.5201231241226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3992266356945038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38675689697265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.13586261868476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09985357522964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19040962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040962","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/962/pdf?version=1551077116","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30813503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30813503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/d01ec46a-95a0-4298-84a4-03b6ab3312c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/d01ec46a-95a0-4298-84a4-03b6ab3312c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zhang, X, Shan, X, Shen, Z, Xie, T & Miao, J 2019, 'A New Self-Powered Sensor Using the Radial Field Piezoelectric Diaphragm in d 33 Mode for Detecting Underwater Disturbances', Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 19, no. 4, 962. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040962","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1401814991f40c6a3f61a6534aac1f0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1401814991f40c6a3f61a6534aac1f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 4, p 962 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/105777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/105777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5431385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6412899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/4/962/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6412899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6412899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19040962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040962","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/962/pdf?version=1551077116","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1758890039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201706120130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8661766205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51677043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916562447.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916562447.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489339685","https://openalex.org/W1541628165","https://openalex.org/W1969142081","https://openalex.org/W1975595002","https://openalex.org/W1979486909","https://openalex.org/W2009642504","https://openalex.org/W2009803319","https://openalex.org/W2010046511","https://openalex.org/W2018227117","https://openalex.org/W2038389102","https://openalex.org/W2048913425","https://openalex.org/W2051183515","https://openalex.org/W2054584605","https://openalex.org/W2067528980","https://openalex.org/W2083001225","https://openalex.org/W2093443206","https://openalex.org/W2093456771","https://openalex.org/W2124726994","https://openalex.org/W2126833242","https://openalex.org/W2146031476","https://openalex.org/W2148411797","https://openalex.org/W2149232134","https://openalex.org/W2149622872","https://openalex.org/W2262430607","https://openalex.org/W2309430239","https://openalex.org/W2518077139","https://openalex.org/W2612306436","https://openalex.org/W2624724527","https://openalex.org/W2740712120","https://openalex.org/W2905395634","https://openalex.org/W2905593601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W120386264","https://openalex.org/W4388412763","https://openalex.org/W2369514825","https://openalex.org/W4309764133","https://openalex.org/W2031123327","https://openalex.org/W1999583034","https://openalex.org/W232178625","https://openalex.org/W623742799","https://openalex.org/W4248064953","https://openalex.org/W4311789548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,26],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,8,95,143,152],"new":[4],"sensor":[5,27,61,102,118,138],"based":[6],"on":[7],"radial":[9,50],"field":[10],"bulk":[11],"piezoelectric":[12,75],"diaphragm":[13,76],"to":[14,47,58,121],"provide":[15],"energy-efficient":[16],"and":[17,37,88,124],"high-performance":[18],"situational":[19],"sensing":[20,159],"for":[21,156],"autonomous":[22],"underwater":[23,86,158],"vehicles":[24],"(AUVs).":[25],"is":[28,119,130],"self-powered,":[29],"does":[30],"not":[31],"need":[32],"an":[33],"external":[34],"power":[35],"supply,":[36],"works":[38],"efficiently":[39],"in":[40,103],"d33":[41],"mode":[42],"by":[43,67,79],"using":[44],"inter-circulating":[45],"electrodes":[46],"release":[48],"the":[49,60,74,80,85,90,98,101,105,114,117,125,157],"in-plane":[51],"poling.":[52],"Finite":[53],"element":[54],"analysis":[55],"was":[56,108],"conducted":[57],"estimate":[59],"behavior.":[62],"Sensor":[63],"prototypes":[64],"were":[65,77],"fabricated":[66],"microfabrication":[68],"technology.":[69],"The":[70,148],"dynamic":[71],"behaviors":[72],"of":[73,100,116,160],"examined":[78],"impedance":[81],"spectrum.":[82],"By":[83],"imitating":[84],"disturbance":[87,144],"generating":[89],"oscillatory":[91,106,127],"flow":[92,107,128],"velocities":[93],"with":[94,145],"vibrating":[96],"sphere,":[97],"performance":[99],"detecting":[104],"tested.":[109],"Experimental":[110],"results":[111],"show":[112],"that":[113],"sensitivity":[115],"up":[120],"1.16":[122],"mV/(mm/s),":[123],"detectable":[126],"velocity":[129],"as":[131,133],"low":[132,146],"4":[134],"mm/s.":[135],"Further,":[136],"this":[137],"can":[139],"work":[140,150],"well":[141],"under":[142],"frequency.":[147],"present":[149],"provides":[151],"good":[153],"application":[154],"prospect":[155],"AUVs.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
