{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916812477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040913","title":"FPGA Modeling and Optimization of a SIMON Lightweight Block Cipher","display_name":"FPGA Modeling and Optimization of a SIMON Lightweight Block Cipher","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916812477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040913","mag":"2916812477","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30795605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19040913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040913","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/913/pdf?version=1550749901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/913/pdf?version=1550749901","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041607429","display_name":"Sa\u2019ed Abed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-9316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sa\u2019ed Abed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-9316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081014008","display_name":"Reem Jaffal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reem Jaffal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009006174","display_name":"Bassam J. Mohd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-1740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassam Jamil Mohd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034042225","display_name":"Mohammad H. Alshayeji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Alshayeji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041607429"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":4.946,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95866609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"913","last_page":"913"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.8397437334060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7257477045059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6038337349891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5931375622749329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5807540416717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5003128051757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4750922918319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3727506697177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3342277407646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22182327508926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10202920436859131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.8397437334060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7257477045059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6038337349891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5931375622749329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5807540416717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5003128051757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4750922918319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3727506697177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3342277407646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22182327508926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10202920436859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19040913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040913","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/913/pdf?version=1550749901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30795605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30795605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5006477b138d41d396cfb6b62d041b12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5006477b138d41d396cfb6b62d041b12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 4, p 913 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5431257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6412312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/4/913/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6412312","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6412312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19040913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040913","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/913/pdf?version=1550749901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916812477.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916812477.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54073830","https://openalex.org/W1271463297","https://openalex.org/W1470618011","https://openalex.org/W1511378164","https://openalex.org/W1518716055","https://openalex.org/W1549735618","https://openalex.org/W1561363170","https://openalex.org/W1638546798","https://openalex.org/W1966092481","https://openalex.org/W2007022373","https://openalex.org/W2012478492","https://openalex.org/W2041516944","https://openalex.org/W2071271835","https://openalex.org/W2076397729","https://openalex.org/W2087928947","https://openalex.org/W2089935022","https://openalex.org/W2129774788","https://openalex.org/W2153464910","https://openalex.org/W2158307590","https://openalex.org/W2167782538","https://openalex.org/W2190847501","https://openalex.org/W2203950797","https://openalex.org/W2259495649","https://openalex.org/W2303355851","https://openalex.org/W2331801164","https://openalex.org/W2548746608","https://openalex.org/W2602714527","https://openalex.org/W2604868214","https://openalex.org/W2625045373","https://openalex.org/W2769051700","https://openalex.org/W2799886512","https://openalex.org/W2809221442","https://openalex.org/W2895971622","https://openalex.org/W2950385551","https://openalex.org/W3030624396","https://openalex.org/W4237882690","https://openalex.org/W6688331863","https://openalex.org/W6712763066","https://openalex.org/W6738822529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2316202402","https://openalex.org/W2074043759","https://openalex.org/W2082487009","https://openalex.org/W1967938402","https://openalex.org/W2386041993","https://openalex.org/W1608572506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"of":[1,48,85,135,181],"sensitive":[2],"data":[3,192],"exchanged":[4],"between":[5],"devices":[6,10],"is":[7,37,51,127,149,163,175],"essential.":[8],"Low-resource":[9],"(LRDs),":[11],"designed":[12],"for":[13,25,43,60,73,177,190],"constrained":[14],"environments,":[15],"are":[16,70,88,188],"increasingly":[17],"becoming":[18],"ubiquitous.":[19],"Lightweight":[20],"block":[21,40],"ciphers":[22],"provide":[23],"confidentiality":[24],"LRDs":[26],"by":[27],"balancing":[28],"the":[29,113,121,136,146,158,164,171],"required":[30],"security":[31],"with":[32,62],"minimal":[33],"resource":[34],"overhead.":[35],"SIMON":[36,57],"a":[38,128,150,178],"lightweight":[39],"cipher":[41,58],"targeted":[42],"hardware":[44],"implementations.":[45],"The":[46,107,141,153],"objective":[47],"this":[49],"research":[50],"to":[52],"implement,":[53],"optimize,":[54],"and":[55,67,91,102,115,124,161,169,184],"model":[56],"design":[59,86,126,143,155],"LRDs,":[61],"an":[63],"emphasis":[64],"on":[65],"energy":[66,148,168],"power,":[68],"which":[69,132],"critical":[71],"metrics":[72],"LRDs.":[74],"Various":[75],"implementations":[76,87,97,109,187],"use":[77],"field-programmable":[78],"gate":[79],"array":[80],"(FPGA)":[81],"technology.":[82],"Two":[83],"types":[84],"examined:":[89],"scalar":[90,96,142,154,186],"pipelined.":[92],"Results":[93],"show":[94],"that":[95,144,156],"require":[98],"39%":[99],"less":[100,104,118],"resources":[101],"45%":[103],"power":[105,162],"consumption.":[106],"pipelined":[108,130,173],"demonstrate":[110],"12":[111],"times":[112],"throughput":[114],"consume":[116],"31%":[117,134],"energy.":[119,140],"Moreover,":[120],"most":[122],"energy-efficient":[123],"optimum":[125],"two-round":[129,172,185],"implementation,":[131],"consumes":[133,145],"best":[137],"scalar's":[138],"implementation":[139,174],"least":[147,159],"four-round":[151],"implementation.":[152,166],"uses":[157],"area":[160],"one-round":[165],"Balancing":[167],"area,":[170],"optimal":[176],"continuous":[179],"stream":[180],"data.":[182],"One-round":[183],"recommended":[189],"intermittent":[191],"applications.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
