{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917310113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040885","title":"Virtual Touch Sensor Using a Depth Camera","display_name":"Virtual Touch Sensor Using a Depth Camera","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917310113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040885","mag":"2917310113","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30791636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19040885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040885","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/885/pdf?version=1550663337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/885/pdf?version=1550663337","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064791621","display_name":"Dong-seok Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204974687","display_name":"Dong-Eui University","ror":"https://ror.org/059g69b28","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204974687"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-seok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Software Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Software Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204974687"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007802866","display_name":"Soon-kak Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6358-4985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204974687","display_name":"Dong-Eui University","ror":"https://ror.org/059g69b28","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204974687"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soon-kak Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Software Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6358-4985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Software Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204974687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007802866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204974687"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.3231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63147128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"885","last_page":"885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7482808232307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6957921981811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6669426560401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6218143105506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5055639743804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4929370880126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4756976068019867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-image","display_name":"Virtual image","score":0.44117143750190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4337807297706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.42265963554382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-touch","display_name":"Multi-touch","score":0.4137151539325714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41290417313575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14210659265518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10087689757347107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7482808232307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6957921981811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6669426560401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6218143105506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5055639743804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4929370880126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4756976068019867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51970089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44415","display_name":"Virtual image","level":2,"score":0.44117143750190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4337807297706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42265963554382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780753109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390557","display_name":"Multi-touch","level":2,"score":0.4137151539325714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41290417313575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14210659265518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10087689757347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19040885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040885","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/885/pdf?version=1550663337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30791636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30791636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b6dae11722e94423ae5a69ce69b4f905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b6dae11722e94423ae5a69ce69b4f905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 4, p 885 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5431458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6413229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/4/885/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6413229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6413229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19040885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040885","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/4/885/pdf?version=1550663337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G746196044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018043621","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2917310113.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542629324","https://openalex.org/W1551475640","https://openalex.org/W1967451823","https://openalex.org/W1969595749","https://openalex.org/W1995884877","https://openalex.org/W2014586736","https://openalex.org/W2021851106","https://openalex.org/W2044109592","https://openalex.org/W2066174263","https://openalex.org/W2072028093","https://openalex.org/W2083563433","https://openalex.org/W2087453992","https://openalex.org/W2097564741","https://openalex.org/W2111922125","https://openalex.org/W2118790894","https://openalex.org/W2121689659","https://openalex.org/W2131740967","https://openalex.org/W2132734311","https://openalex.org/W2135132101","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2148877839","https://openalex.org/W2163309385","https://openalex.org/W2168195382","https://openalex.org/W2168849647","https://openalex.org/W2333140461","https://openalex.org/W2557634569","https://openalex.org/W2906710874","https://openalex.org/W3144583212","https://openalex.org/W4230697254","https://openalex.org/W4231266479","https://openalex.org/W6603697666","https://openalex.org/W6674632926","https://openalex.org/W6675801466","https://openalex.org/W6676104227","https://openalex.org/W6679404632","https://openalex.org/W6757676179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2402203479","https://openalex.org/W2058750954","https://openalex.org/W2560766340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,103],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,8,26,30,39,66,70,108,114,121],"virtual":[4,83,105,122,126,131,155],"touch":[5,31,43,53,84,95,100,106,109,123,127,132,141,156],"sensor":[6,85,133],"using":[7,89,153],"depth":[9,61,115],"camera":[10],"is":[11,63,86],"proposed.":[12],"Touch":[13,33],"regions":[14],"are":[15,35,48],"detected":[16,36],"by":[17,37,88],"finding":[18,38],"each":[19,42],"region":[20,44],"that":[21,68],"consists":[22],"of":[23,113,140,144,149],"pixels":[24,47,112],"within":[25],"certain":[27],"distance":[28],"from":[29],"surface.":[32],"points":[34],"pixel":[40],"in":[41,59,73],"whose":[45],"neighboring":[46],"closest":[49],"to":[50,57,75,137],"surfaces.":[51],"A":[52],"path":[54,101],"error":[55],"due":[56],"noise":[58],"the":[60,90,94,99,104,147,150,154],"picture":[62,116],"corrected":[64],"through":[65],"filter":[67],"introduces":[69],"weight":[71],"parameter":[72],"order":[74],"respond":[76],"quickly":[77],"even":[78],"with":[79],"sudden":[80],"changes.":[81],"The":[82,130],"implemented":[87],"proposed":[91],"methods":[92],"for":[93],"point":[96],"detection":[97],"and":[98,111,125],"correction.":[102],"sensor,":[107],"surface":[110],"can":[117,134],"be":[118,135],"regarded":[119],"as":[120],"panel":[124],"units,":[128],"respectively.":[129],"applied":[136],"wide":[138],"fields":[139],"interfaces.":[142],"Results":[143],"simulations":[145],"show":[146],"implementation":[148],"touch-pen":[151],"interface":[152],"sensor.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}