{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914014468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030591","title":"A Precise Diagnosis Method of Structural Faults of Rotating Machinery based on Combination of Empirical Mode Decomposition, Sample Entropy, and Deep Belief Network","display_name":"A Precise Diagnosis Method of Structural Faults of Rotating Machinery based on Combination of Empirical Mode Decomposition, Sample Entropy, and Deep Belief Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914014468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030591","mag":"2914014468","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30704129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19030591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030591","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/3/591/pdf?version=1548936137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/3/591/pdf?version=1548936137","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080946009","display_name":"Zhaoyi Guan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178574317","display_name":"Mie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01529vy56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178574317"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyi Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178574317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050791637","display_name":"Zhiqiang Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-486X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178574317","display_name":"Mie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01529vy56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178574317"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-486X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178574317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343557","display_name":"Ke Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2889-8987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ke Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091820245","display_name":"Peng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3265-3079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178574317","display_name":"Mie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01529vy56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178574317"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178574317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050791637","https://openalex.org/A5100343557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522","https://openalex.org/I178574317"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.0996,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.915098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"591","last_page":"591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.9286662340164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-entropy","display_name":"Sample entropy","score":0.7502580285072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6285441517829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5644199848175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5548977851867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-belief-network","display_name":"Deep belief network","score":0.5435554385185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5358416438102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5297853946685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5004708766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4922451078891754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4892992675304413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.47752252221107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4272116422653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2899973392486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.14996522665023804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.9286662340164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66696666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105612","display_name":"Sample entropy","level":3,"score":0.7502580285072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6285441517829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5644199848175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5548977851867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97385483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954980","display_name":"Deep belief network","level":3,"score":0.5435554385185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5358416438102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5297853946685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5004708766937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4922451078891754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4892992675304413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.47752252221107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4272116422653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2899973392486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14996522665023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19030591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030591","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/3/591/pdf?version=1548936137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30704129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30704129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf82806c47fa4585a0d885a558ec7e62","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf82806c47fa4585a0d885a558ec7e62","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 3, p 591 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5385958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6387396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/3/591/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6387396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6387396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19030591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030591","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/3/591/pdf?version=1548936137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4538614032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JUSRP51732B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5157314039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JUSRP51732B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5589028268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51775243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325437","display_name":"Jiangsu Science and Technology Department","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914014468.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914014468.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44815768","https://openalex.org/W1021669811","https://openalex.org/W1675477313","https://openalex.org/W1696305814","https://openalex.org/W1964511482","https://openalex.org/W1969989373","https://openalex.org/W1974398778","https://openalex.org/W1986397312","https://openalex.org/W1990316788","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2019120773","https://openalex.org/W2025522052","https://openalex.org/W2027282255","https://openalex.org/W2028119131","https://openalex.org/W2036095187","https://openalex.org/W2043654877","https://openalex.org/W2066980082","https://openalex.org/W2077484040","https://openalex.org/W2078686603","https://openalex.org/W2081190536","https://openalex.org/W2129225251","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2161372940","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167634486","https://openalex.org/W2231224226","https://openalex.org/W2440930599","https://openalex.org/W2728741793","https://openalex.org/W2738561771","https://openalex.org/W2898125729","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6626538888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2782295999","https://openalex.org/W2162306796","https://openalex.org/W1970292246","https://openalex.org/W4247952185","https://openalex.org/W1895367623","https://openalex.org/W1642462315","https://openalex.org/W2015118744","https://openalex.org/W2005619368","https://openalex.org/W2065140124","https://openalex.org/W1879092539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"precisely":[1],"diagnose":[2,174],"the":[3,61,101,106,112,122,137,141,149,156,165,175],"rotating":[4,13],"machinery":[5],"structural":[6,9,118,176],"faults,":[7],"especially":[8],"faults":[10,119],"under":[11],"low":[12],"speeds,":[14],"a":[15,41,77,170],"novel":[16],"scheme":[17],"based":[18,104],"on":[19,105],"combination":[20],"of":[21,111,140],"empirical":[22],"mode":[23,46],"decomposition":[24],"(EMD),":[25],"sample":[26,55],"entropy,":[27],"and":[28,54,92,121,147,155,161],"deep":[29],"belief":[30],"network":[31],"(DBN)":[32],"is":[33,57,74,96,115,144,151,158],"proposed":[34,113,142,167],"in":[35],"this":[36],"paper.":[37],"EMD":[38],"can":[39],"decompose":[40],"signal":[42,73,80,120,128,131],"into":[43,76],"several":[44],"intrinsic":[45],"functions":[47],"(IMFs)":[48],"with":[49,67],"different":[50],"signal-to-noise":[51],"ratios":[52],"(SNRs)":[53],"entropy":[56],"performed":[58,98],"to":[59,99,173],"extract":[60],"signals":[62],"that":[63,81,136],"carry":[64,83],"fault":[65,72,85],"information":[66],"high":[68],"SNR.":[69],"The":[70,109,133],"extracted":[71],"reconstructed":[75,107],"new":[78],"vibration":[79],"will":[82],"abundant":[84],"information.":[86],"DBN":[87],"has":[88,169],"strong":[89],"feature":[90],"extraction":[91],"classification":[93],"performance.":[94],"It":[95],"suitably":[97],"build":[100],"diagnosis":[102,138],"model":[103],"signal.":[108],"effectiveness":[110],"method":[114,143,168],"validated":[116],"by":[117],"comparative":[123],"experiments":[124],"(BPNN,":[125],"CNN,":[126],"time-domain":[127],"only,":[129],"frequency-domain":[130],"only).":[132],"results":[134],"show":[135],"accuracy":[139],"between":[145,159],"99%":[146],"100%,":[148],"BPNN":[150],"less":[152],"than":[153],"25%,":[154],"CNN":[157],"70%":[160],"95%,":[162],"which":[163],"means":[164],"verified,":[166],"superior":[171],"performance":[172],"fault.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}