{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909368910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010217","title":"Development of a LeNet-5 Gas Identification CNN Structure for Electronic Noses","display_name":"Development of a LeNet-5 Gas Identification CNN Structure for Electronic Noses","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909368910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010217","mag":"2909368910","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/217/pdf?version=1547110541","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/217/pdf?version=1547110541","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504295","display_name":"Guangfen Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4581-4086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83776822","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03rrkrc24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangfen Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Control in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China","School of Information &amp; Electronic Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Control in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information &amp; Electronic Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438655","display_name":"Gang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-2781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83776822","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03rrkrc24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science &amp; Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science &amp; Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106417389","display_name":"Jie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6255-6386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83776822","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03rrkrc24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science &amp; Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science &amp; Technology, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000171141","display_name":"Aixiang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-5830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83776822","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03rrkrc24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aixiang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Control in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China","School of Information &amp; Electronic Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Control in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information &amp; Electronic Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101504295"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83776822"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":6.5781,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":189,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97395148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"217","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12321","display_name":"Insect Pheromone Research and Control","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-nose","display_name":"Electronic nose","score":0.9661935567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7543507814407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5930852890014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5854759216308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5828270316123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.575681209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.5683217644691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5642527937889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5097703337669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.45379698276519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.412200391292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3706144094467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16370916366577148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23895516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550092","display_name":"Electronic nose","level":2,"score":0.9661935567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7543507814407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5930852890014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5854759216308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5828270316123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.575681209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5683217644691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5642527937889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5097703337669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.45379698276519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.412200391292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3706144094467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16370916366577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/217/pdf?version=1547110541","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30626158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e5c6486858594c339773bf60e5fcd903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e5c6486858594c339773bf60e5fcd903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 1, p 217 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5322830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6339057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/1/217/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6339057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6339057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/217/pdf?version=1547110541","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G275213737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017ZH063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2830113036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(No. J18KA325)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329039","funder_display_name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3245239990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016ZH053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4165070653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"174007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5760752404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Projects","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7108583747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J18KA325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329039","funder_display_name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7237798916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61174007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329039","display_name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909368910.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909368910.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76056806","https://openalex.org/W1017173347","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1878981136","https://openalex.org/W1972460593","https://openalex.org/W2033310064","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2112739286","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2125066085","https://openalex.org/W2144354855","https://openalex.org/W2160692033","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2428121426","https://openalex.org/W2546302380","https://openalex.org/W2620898306","https://openalex.org/W2773366138","https://openalex.org/W2775832893","https://openalex.org/W2783662494","https://openalex.org/W2802620087","https://openalex.org/W2886449871","https://openalex.org/W6639407429","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076543106","https://openalex.org/W3192962470","https://openalex.org/W2019891950","https://openalex.org/W2085842814","https://openalex.org/W2523437662","https://openalex.org/W4387048144","https://openalex.org/W2492135063","https://openalex.org/W2362514456","https://openalex.org/W2766585573","https://openalex.org/W4387490624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"LeNet-5":[2,36,84],"gas":[3,69,83,104,120],"identification":[4,105],"convolutional":[5,26],"neural":[6,27,129],"network":[7],"structure":[8],"for":[9,41],"electronic":[10,46,53],"noses":[11],"is":[12],"proposed":[13,155],"and":[14,39,61,71,95,131],"developed":[15],"in":[16,29],"this":[17],"paper.":[18],"Inspired":[19],"by":[20,25,66,117],"the":[21,30,35,52,76,79,82,89,99,111,118,136,143,151,154],"tremendous":[22],"achievements":[23],"made":[24],"networks":[28,130],"field":[31],"of":[32,51,58,78,92,125,138,146,153],"computer":[33],"vision,":[34],"was":[37,85],"adopted":[38],"improved":[40,86,119],"a":[42],"12-sensor":[43],"array":[44],"based":[45],"nose":[47,54],"system.":[48,73],"Response":[49],"data":[50,113],"to":[55,87],"different":[56],"concentrations":[57],"CO,":[59,93],"CH\u2084":[60,94],"their":[62,96],"mixtures":[63,97],"were":[64],"acquired":[65],"an":[67],"automated":[68],"distribution":[70],"test":[72,115],"By":[74],"adjusting":[75],"parameters":[77],"CNN":[80],"structure,":[81],"recognize":[88],"three":[90],"categories":[91],"omitting":[98],"concentration":[100],"influences.":[101],"The":[102],"final":[103],"accuracy":[106],"rate":[107,140],"reached":[108],"98.67%":[109],"with":[110,123,142],"unused":[112],"as":[114],"set":[116],"LeNet-5.":[121],"Comparison":[122],"results":[124],"Multiple":[126],"Layer":[127],"Perceptron":[128],"Probabilistic":[132],"Neural":[133],"Network":[134],"verifies":[135],"improvement":[137],"recognition":[139],"while":[141],"same":[144],"level":[145],"time":[147],"cost,":[148],"which":[149],"proved":[150],"effectiveness":[152],"approach.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
