{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2897538384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010210","title":"Validating Deep Neural Networks for Online Decoding of Motor Imagery Movements from EEG Signals","display_name":"Validating Deep Neural Networks for Online Decoding of Motor Imagery Movements from EEG Signals","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2897538384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010210","mag":"2897538384","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/210/pdf?version=1547028696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/210/pdf?version=1547028696","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029601767","display_name":"Zied Tayeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3257-0211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127444","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02fez3815","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127444","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zied Tayeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Munich, Germany","Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","Institute for Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3257-0211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127444","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000083891","display_name":"Juri Fedjaev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juri Fedjaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039019346","display_name":"Nejla Ghaboosi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nejla Ghaboosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Research, Sydney, Australia","Research and Development, Integrated Research, Sydney 2060, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Research, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development, Integrated Research, Sydney 2060, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064622397","display_name":"Christoph Richter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-1118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. c.richter@tum.de"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-1118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. c.richter@tum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057863428","display_name":"Lukas Everding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Everding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. lukas.everding@tum.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. lukas.everding@tum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085542634","display_name":"Xingwei Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwei Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. ga62gis@mytum.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. ga62gis@mytum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101971518","display_name":"Yingyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-3145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. ga62guz@mytum.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. ga62guz@mytum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048975019","display_name":"Gordon Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-8717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127444","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02fez3815","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127444","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Munich, Germany","Institute for Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. gordon@tum.de"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-8717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127444","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. gordon@tum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032405883","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Conradt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-9640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6rg Conradt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. conradt@tum.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscientific System Theory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany. conradt@tum.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.6355,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63668709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"210","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9656999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7912301421165466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7164503335952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.7052218914031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.67633455991745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6148568391799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6103919744491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.606444239616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.48082244396209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4440731406211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3657988905906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35329288244247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16059628129005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.08525803685188293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7912301421165466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7164503335952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7052218914031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.67633455991745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6148568391799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6103919744491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.606444239616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.48082244396209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4440731406211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3657988905906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35329288244247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16059628129005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08525803685188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":11,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/210/pdf?version=1547028696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0481.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201809.0481.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201809.0481/v1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:30626132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b64169d6a1bb40e5a5f3bf8f754580a2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b64169d6a1bb40e5a5f3bf8f754580a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 1, p 210 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5322665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6338892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/1/210/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1471453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1471453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1517536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1517536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1518804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1518804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6338892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6338892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2897538384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1471453","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/210/pdf?version=1547028696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8987292732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91645515","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","funder_display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323383","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2897538384.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2897538384.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511414143","https://openalex.org/W1934184906","https://openalex.org/W1965769973","https://openalex.org/W2008359193","https://openalex.org/W2014915963","https://openalex.org/W2023869733","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2100198573","https://openalex.org/W2108824330","https://openalex.org/W2116308679","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2149212636","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2295963506","https://openalex.org/W2539387079","https://openalex.org/W2557301950","https://openalex.org/W2561907433","https://openalex.org/W2584137332","https://openalex.org/W2594082856","https://openalex.org/W2611623189","https://openalex.org/W2616095539","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2747152051","https://openalex.org/W2772472921","https://openalex.org/W2782207423","https://openalex.org/W2792724009","https://openalex.org/W2891070625","https://openalex.org/W2891076394","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W4200084300","https://openalex.org/W6600020652","https://openalex.org/W6600719526","https://openalex.org/W6679338098","https://openalex.org/W6680300913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124115878","https://openalex.org/W3135400361","https://openalex.org/W2788562921","https://openalex.org/W2996125033","https://openalex.org/W2963688765","https://openalex.org/W3015568869","https://openalex.org/W3008022540","https://openalex.org/W1551271717","https://openalex.org/W3159186283","https://openalex.org/W3209470862","https://openalex.org/W3000231660","https://openalex.org/W3199210890","https://openalex.org/W2807675646","https://openalex.org/W3164103035","https://openalex.org/W3015997552","https://openalex.org/W2343965175","https://openalex.org/W3115305254","https://openalex.org/W2969456792","https://openalex.org/W3016330493","https://openalex.org/W3204644976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-invasive,":[0],"electroencephalography":[1],"(EEG)-based":[2],"brain-computer":[3],"interfaces":[4],"(BCIs)":[5],"on":[6,83,181,193],"motor":[7,13,132,165],"imagery":[8,133,166],"movements":[9,167],"translate":[10],"the":[11,20,68,97,109,244],"subject's":[12],"intention":[14],"into":[15],"control":[16,49,247],"signals":[17,172],"through":[18],"classifying":[19,76],"EEG":[21,77,101,171,186,200,235],"patterns":[22],"caused":[23],"by":[24,108,242],"different":[25],"imagination":[26],"tasks,":[27],"e.g.,":[28],"hand":[29],"movements.":[30],"This":[31],"type":[32],"of":[33,45,70,88,100,248],"BCI":[34,131],"has":[35],"been":[36],"widely":[37],"studied":[38],"and":[39,47,155,192],"used":[40],"as":[41,54,198],"an":[42,194],"alternative":[43],"mode":[44],"communication":[46],"environmental":[48],"for":[50,163,229,234],"disabled":[51],"patients,":[52],"such":[53,89],"those":[55],"suffering":[56],"from":[57,169,189,202],"a":[58,62,92,105,148,157,226,249],"brainstem":[59],"stroke":[60],"or":[61],"spinal":[63],"cord":[64],"injury":[65],"(SCI).":[66],"Notwithstanding":[67],"success":[69],"traditional":[71],"machine":[72,220],"learning":[73,119,123,139,214,221],"methods":[74,80,120],"in":[75,112,117],"signals,":[78,102],"these":[79],"still":[81],"rely":[82],"hand-crafted":[84],"features.":[85],"The":[86],"extraction":[87],"features":[90],"is":[91,104],"difficult":[93],"task":[94],"due":[95],"to":[96,217],"high":[98],"non-stationarity":[99],"which":[103,128,223],"major":[106],"cause":[107],"stagnating":[110],"progress":[111],"classification":[113,208],"performance.":[114],"Remarkable":[115],"advances":[116],"deep":[118,138,213],"allow":[121],"end-to-end":[122],"without":[124,173],"any":[125],"feature":[126,176],"engineering,":[127],"could":[129,224],"benefit":[130],"applications.":[134],"We":[135,238],"developed":[136],"three":[137],"models:":[140],"(1)":[141],"A":[142],"long":[143],"short-term":[144],"memory":[145],"(LSTM);":[146],"(2)":[147],"spectrogram-based":[149],"convolutional":[150,159],"neural":[151,160],"network":[152,161],"model":[153],"(CNN);":[154],"(3)":[156],"recurrent":[158],"(RCNN),":[162],"decoding":[164],"directly":[168],"raw":[170],"(any":[174],"manual)":[175],"engineering.":[177],"Results":[178],"were":[179],"evaluated":[180],"our":[182,253],"own":[183],"publicly":[184],"available,":[185],"data":[187],"collected":[188],"20":[190],"subjects":[191],"existing":[195],"dataset":[196,201],"known":[197],"2b":[199],"\"BCI":[203],"Competition":[204],"IV\".":[205],"Overall,":[206],"better":[207],"performance":[209],"was":[210],"achieved":[211],"with":[212],"models":[215],"compared":[216],"state-of-the":[218],"art":[219],"techniques,":[222],"chart":[225],"route":[227],"ahead":[228],"developing":[230],"new":[231],"robust":[232],"techniques":[233],"signal":[236],"decoding.":[237],"underpin":[239],"this":[240],"point":[241],"demonstrating":[243],"successful":[245],"real-time":[246],"robotic":[250],"arm":[251],"using":[252],"CNN":[254],"based":[255],"BCI.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}