{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909103437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010205","title":"In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on Three-Core Fiber for Measurement of Directional Bending","display_name":"In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on Three-Core Fiber for Measurement of Directional Bending","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909103437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010205","mag":"2909103437","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010205","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/205/pdf?version=1546935408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/205/pdf?version=1546935408","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074418280","display_name":"Lei Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1556-2095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101902079","display_name":"Yu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-7030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005435020","display_name":"Cai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4903-2594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114417933","display_name":"Min Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7164-6506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091656674","display_name":"Yuli Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-6787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuli Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112429573","display_name":"Zhongliang Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongliang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 300020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074418280","https://openalex.org/A5101902079"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4523,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8193814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"205","last_page":"205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mach\u2013zehnder-interferometer","display_name":"Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometer","score":0.8033558130264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.7688806653022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.6154924035072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.5659447312355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5649455189704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5414924025535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bending","display_name":"Bending","score":0.5084558725357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4624948501586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2961012125015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.11791172623634338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12296473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621727","display_name":"Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometer","level":3,"score":0.8033558130264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.7688806653022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.6154924035072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.5659447312355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5649455189704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5414924025535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.5084558725357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4624948501586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2961012125015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11791172623634338}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010205","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/205/pdf?version=1546935408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30626036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30626036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db684ee3b2984e768c058d5e80fbad69","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db684ee3b2984e768c058d5e80fbad69","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 1, p 205 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5322704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6338931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/1/205/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6338931","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6338931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010205","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/205/pdf?version=1546935408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4935054443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51502209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909103437.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909103437.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1890657531","https://openalex.org/W1973360144","https://openalex.org/W1980146398","https://openalex.org/W1986476895","https://openalex.org/W2001922107","https://openalex.org/W2007532910","https://openalex.org/W2021714511","https://openalex.org/W2041841081","https://openalex.org/W2054525912","https://openalex.org/W2057240332","https://openalex.org/W2062618615","https://openalex.org/W2062682074","https://openalex.org/W2064674548","https://openalex.org/W2065537565","https://openalex.org/W2074107835","https://openalex.org/W2077795087","https://openalex.org/W2119669988","https://openalex.org/W2145005574","https://openalex.org/W2325130475","https://openalex.org/W2370113558","https://openalex.org/W2420492454","https://openalex.org/W2603932604","https://openalex.org/W2606221391","https://openalex.org/W2758980695","https://openalex.org/W2767237543","https://openalex.org/W2777141702","https://openalex.org/W2784801849","https://openalex.org/W2797957126","https://openalex.org/W2807943464","https://openalex.org/W2890925684","https://openalex.org/W6645282953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001500483","https://openalex.org/W2008870374","https://openalex.org/W4391479844","https://openalex.org/W2162975425","https://openalex.org/W2578932153","https://openalex.org/W2579266833","https://openalex.org/W2033229517","https://openalex.org/W2167148385","https://openalex.org/W2127017721","https://openalex.org/W1970049100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,97],"highly":[1],"sensitive":[2],"directional":[3,71],"bending":[4,22,72,77,121,135,147],"sensor":[5,23,68],"based":[6],"on":[7],"a":[8,28,49],"three-core":[9],"fiber":[10],"(TCF)":[11],"Mach-Zehnder":[12],"interferometer":[13],"(MZI)":[14],"is":[15],"presented":[16],"in":[17,46,102,117,181],"this":[18,118],"study.":[19],"This":[20],"MZI-based":[21],"was":[24,100],"fabricated":[25],"by":[26],"fusion-splicing":[27],"section":[29],"of":[30,43,62,81,115,123,137,149,154],"TCF":[31],"between":[32,92],"two":[33,79,113,125,156],"single-mode":[34],"fibers":[35],"(SMF)":[36],"with":[37,84],"core-offset.":[38],"Due":[39],"to":[40,52,57,172,177],"the":[41,44,47,53,63,67,76,85,93,103,112,120,124,134,146,155],"location":[42],"core":[45,87],"TCF,":[48],"bend":[50],"applied":[51],"TCF-based":[54,82],"MZI":[55],"led":[56],"an":[58],"elongation":[59],"or":[60],"shortening":[61],"core,":[64],"which":[65],"makes":[66],"suitable":[69],"for":[70,111],"measurement.":[73],"To":[74],"analyze":[75],"characteristics,":[78],"types":[80,114],"sensors,":[83],"fusion-spliced":[86],"located":[88],"at":[89,133,145],"different":[90],"positions":[91],"SMFs,":[94],"were":[95,127,158],"investigated.":[96],"swept":[98],"source":[99],"employed":[101],"measurement":[104],"technique.":[105],"The":[106,151,165],"experimental":[107],"results":[108],"showed":[109],"that,":[110],"sensors":[116,126,157,167],"setup,":[119],"sensitivities":[122,153],"15.36":[128],"nm/m<sup>-1</sup>":[129,132,141,144],"and":[130,139,142,161,174],"3.11":[131],"direction":[136,148],"0\u00b0,":[138],"-20.48":[140],"-5.29":[143],"180\u00b0.":[150],"temperature":[152],"0.043":[159],"nm/\u00b0C":[160],"0.041":[162],"nm/\u00b0C,":[163],"respectively.":[164],"proposed":[166],"are":[168,175],"compact,":[169],"versatile,":[170],"inexpensive":[171],"fabricate,":[173],"expected":[176],"have":[178],"potential":[179],"applications":[180],"biomedical":[182],"sensing.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
