{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907066824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010194","title":"An Appraisal of Lung Nodules Automatic Classification Algorithms for CT Images","display_name":"An Appraisal of Lung Nodules Automatic Classification Algorithms for CT Images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907066824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010194","mag":"2907066824","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30621101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010194","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/194/pdf?version=1546994712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/194/pdf?version=1546994712","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045407304","display_name":"Xinqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-4912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077441424","display_name":"Keming Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-0123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keming Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-0123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009116003","display_name":"Lizhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-0845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146008","display_name":"First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/051c4bd82","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146008"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101749785","display_name":"Peiyi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-4532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102305858","display_name":"Duo Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duo Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459647","display_name":"Ping He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-1360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077441424"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.2281,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95130222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"194","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6449111104011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream","display_name":"Mainstream","score":0.5877143144607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5483395457267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5443297624588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5347543954849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-classification","display_name":"Statistical classification","score":0.43496912717819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodule","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","score":0.42847418785095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35059595108032227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6449111104011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.5877143144607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5483395457267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5443297624588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5347543954849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.43496912717819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.42847418785095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35059595108032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010194","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/194/pdf?version=1546994712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30621101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30621101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7f017cf4a4cf4fbfa70c22f716925322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7f017cf4a4cf4fbfa70c22f716925322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 1, p 194 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5322694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6338921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/1/194/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6338921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6338921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010194","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/194/pdf?version=1546994712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1728651733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772125, 61402097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3604742296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61402097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5219054260","display_name":"\u8282\u70b9\u51b3\u7b56\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u793e\u4ea4\u4fe1\u606f\u6269\u6563\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u6709\u5e8f\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6042189029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N171713006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652765493","display_name":"\u5bf9\u7b49\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u591a\u7ef4\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4fe1\u4efb\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61402097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6732846715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2907066824.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2907066824.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57328791","https://openalex.org/W70082368","https://openalex.org/W92778807","https://openalex.org/W200409150","https://openalex.org/W948663339","https://openalex.org/W1618097250","https://openalex.org/W1829852423","https://openalex.org/W1832115302","https://openalex.org/W1898227994","https://openalex.org/W1966519843","https://openalex.org/W1986643265","https://openalex.org/W1986649315","https://openalex.org/W1989080406","https://openalex.org/W1989829109","https://openalex.org/W1990666785","https://openalex.org/W1997058394","https://openalex.org/W2005992530","https://openalex.org/W2008428440","https://openalex.org/W2009172088","https://openalex.org/W2016621860","https://openalex.org/W2018567716","https://openalex.org/W2023167539","https://openalex.org/W2031827337","https://openalex.org/W2047683926","https://openalex.org/W2057323264","https://openalex.org/W2063323219","https://openalex.org/W2067907470","https://openalex.org/W2069250003","https://openalex.org/W2074522473","https://openalex.org/W2074911873","https://openalex.org/W2077544934","https://openalex.org/W2083927153","https://openalex.org/W2090129368","https://openalex.org/W2090348088","https://openalex.org/W2093232475","https://openalex.org/W2103004421","https://openalex.org/W2107566856","https://openalex.org/W2110226060","https://openalex.org/W2112384462","https://openalex.org/W2112448387","https://openalex.org/W2118665222","https://openalex.org/W2122751628","https://openalex.org/W2127085684","https://openalex.org/W2127334500","https://openalex.org/W2128553277","https://openalex.org/W2133145320","https://openalex.org/W2134108967","https://openalex.org/W2142514727","https://openalex.org/W2144762229","https://openalex.org/W2147387989","https://openalex.org/W2147473587","https://openalex.org/W2148704119","https://openalex.org/W2164160732","https://openalex.org/W2169182513","https://openalex.org/W2174661749","https://openalex.org/W2208036992","https://openalex.org/W2237167366","https://openalex.org/W2272984102","https://openalex.org/W2305109380","https://openalex.org/W2311857205","https://openalex.org/W2319008942","https://openalex.org/W2322371438","https://openalex.org/W2333302450","https://openalex.org/W2336164949","https://openalex.org/W2344887191","https://openalex.org/W2394599079","https://openalex.org/W2462685695","https://openalex.org/W2472812993","https://openalex.org/W2473660150","https://openalex.org/W2498884260","https://openalex.org/W2509444944","https://openalex.org/W2513781936","https://openalex.org/W2518064430","https://openalex.org/W2524399695","https://openalex.org/W2529268529","https://openalex.org/W2531088577","https://openalex.org/W2533326786","https://openalex.org/W2543630535","https://openalex.org/W2547112596","https://openalex.org/W2549079750","https://openalex.org/W2553191729","https://openalex.org/W2560692463","https://openalex.org/W2561512519","https://openalex.org/W2564303963","https://openalex.org/W2570618306","https://openalex.org/W2574377582","https://openalex.org/W2584232769","https://openalex.org/W2592004793","https://openalex.org/W2593490899","https://openalex.org/W2594525001","https://openalex.org/W2598574140","https://openalex.org/W2604463720","https://openalex.org/W2608439998","https://openalex.org/W2613475099","https://openalex.org/W2625340435","https://openalex.org/W2733946950","https://openalex.org/W2734776202","https://openalex.org/W2736945546","https://openalex.org/W2743008510","https://openalex.org/W2745640325","https://openalex.org/W2753801833","https://openalex.org/W2755564604","https://openalex.org/W2756459689","https://openalex.org/W2765103939","https://openalex.org/W2765931871","https://openalex.org/W2766353760","https://openalex.org/W2769012461","https://openalex.org/W2770853452","https://openalex.org/W2771089137","https://openalex.org/W2775884586","https://openalex.org/W2777949360","https://openalex.org/W2778501328","https://openalex.org/W2781660331","https://openalex.org/W2784119176","https://openalex.org/W2786398844","https://openalex.org/W2790777133","https://openalex.org/W2791260913","https://openalex.org/W2793661135","https://openalex.org/W2794051715","https://openalex.org/W2794187429","https://openalex.org/W2800369883","https://openalex.org/W2810608942","https://openalex.org/W2889779330","https://openalex.org/W2897755679","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963150920","https://openalex.org/W2963488165","https://openalex.org/W2963777800","https://openalex.org/W3104246147","https://openalex.org/W4255030935","https://openalex.org/W6639122706","https://openalex.org/W6672832985","https://openalex.org/W6742208012","https://openalex.org/W6903196967","https://openalex.org/W7075650417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377237701","https://openalex.org/W2360099860","https://openalex.org/W3035095237","https://openalex.org/W3213683101","https://openalex.org/W3186233728","https://openalex.org/W4200459988","https://openalex.org/W4361733776","https://openalex.org/W4281776617","https://openalex.org/W3020897463","https://openalex.org/W4319005243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lung":[0],"cancer":[1],"is":[2,24,40,127,166],"one":[3],"of":[4,15,93,96,99,102,115,171,177],"the":[5,10,94,97,113,169,172],"most":[6],"deadly":[7],"diseases":[8],"around":[9],"world":[11],"representing":[12],"about":[13],"26%":[14],"all":[16],"cancers":[17],"in":[18,30],"2017.":[19],"The":[20,85],"five-year":[21],"cure":[22],"rate":[23],"only":[25],"18%":[26],"despite":[27],"great":[28],"progress":[29],"recent":[31],"diagnosis":[32],"and":[33,59,66,82,118,136,143,175,188],"treatment.":[34],"Before":[35],"diagnosis,":[36],"lung":[37,103,152],"nodule":[38,153],"classification":[39,47,101,154],"a":[41,53,90],"key":[42],"step,":[43],"especially":[44],"since":[45],"automatic":[46,100],"can":[48],"help":[49],"clinicians":[50],"by":[51],"providing":[52],"valuable":[54],"opinion.":[55],"Modern":[56],"computer":[57],"vision":[58],"machine":[60],"learning":[61,158],"technologies":[62],"allow":[63],"very":[64,76],"fast":[65],"reliable":[67],"CT":[68],"image":[69],"classification.":[70],"This":[71,105],"research":[72,106,134,173],"area":[73],"has":[74],"become":[75],"hot":[77],"for":[78,161],"its":[79,162],"high":[80],"efficiency":[81],"labor":[83],"saving.":[84],"paper":[86,107,126],"aims":[87],"to":[88,122],"draw":[89],"systematic":[91],"review":[92],"state":[95],"art":[98],"nodules.":[104],"covers":[108],"published":[109],"works":[110,184],"selected":[111],"from":[112],"Web":[114],"Science,":[116],"IEEEXplore,":[117],"DBLP":[119],"databases":[120],"up":[121],"June":[123],"2018.":[124],"Each":[125],"critically":[128],"reviewed":[129],"based":[130,155],"on":[131,156],"objective,":[132],"methodology,":[133],"dataset,":[135],"performance":[137],"evaluation.":[138],"Mainstream":[139],"algorithms":[140],"are":[141,146],"conveyed":[142],"generic":[144],"structures":[145],"summarized.":[147],"Our":[148],"work":[149],"reveals":[150],"that":[151,168],"deep":[157],"becomes":[159],"dominant":[160],"excellent":[163],"performance.":[164],"It":[165],"concluded":[167],"consistency":[170],"objective":[174],"integration":[176],"data":[178],"deserves":[179],"more":[180],"attention.":[181],"Moreover,":[182],"collaborative":[183],"among":[185],"developers,":[186],"clinicians,":[187],"other":[189],"parties":[190],"should":[191],"be":[192],"strengthened.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}