{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906174695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010033","title":"WaterSpy: A High Sensitivity, Portable Photonic Device for Pervasive Water Quality Analysis","display_name":"WaterSpy: A High Sensitivity, Portable Photonic Device for Pervasive Water Quality Analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906174695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010033","mag":"2906174695","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30583457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/33/pdf?version=1545884384","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/33/pdf?version=1545884384","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033117805","display_name":"Nikolaos Doulamis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Doulamis","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062640206","display_name":"Athanasios Voulodimos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-9769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094138","display_name":"University of West Attica","ror":"https://ror.org/00r2r5k05","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094138"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Voulodimos","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece","University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110574930","display_name":"Anastasios Doulamis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasios Doulamis","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008690932","display_name":"Matthaios Bimpas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthaios Bimpas","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002835805","display_name":"Aikaterini Angeli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-451X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aikaterini Angeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037570397","display_name":"Nikolaos Bakalos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-4758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174458059","display_name":"National Technical University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03cx6bg69","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Bakalos","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15773 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101738747","display_name":"Alessandro Giusti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6803-3795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105896","display_name":"Cyprus Research and Innovation Center (Cyprus)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ha10g31","country_code":"CY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105896"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Giusti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyprus Research and Innovation Center Ltd. (CyRIC), 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyprus Research and Innovation Center Ltd. (CyRIC), 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073577711","display_name":"Panayiotis Philimis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105896","display_name":"Cyprus Research and Innovation Center (Cyprus)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ha10g31","country_code":"CY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105896"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panayiotis Philimis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyprus Research and Innovation Center Ltd. (CyRIC), 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyprus Research and Innovation Center Ltd. (CyRIC), 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003044010","display_name":"Antonio Varriale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-9877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144062","display_name":"Consorzio Roma Ricerche","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvpn714","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144062"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Varriale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144062","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030924647","display_name":"Alessio Ausili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-6337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144062","display_name":"Consorzio Roma Ricerche","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvpn714","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144062"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Ausili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144062","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038720075","display_name":"Sabato D\u2019Auria","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144062","display_name":"Consorzio Roma Ricerche","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvpn714","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144062"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabato D\u2019Auria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144062","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110192138","display_name":"George A. Lampropoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108479","display_name":"Space Hellas (Greece)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nx9mw61","country_code":"GR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108479"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Lampropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["A.U.G. Signals Hellas (AUG), 10674 Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A.U.G. Signals Hellas (AUG), 10674 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036808009","display_name":"Matthias Baer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9751-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Baer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045546590","display_name":"Bernhard Schmau\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-370X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Schmauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053818173","display_name":"Stephan Freitag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-2217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Freitag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien (TUW), 1060 Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien (TUW), 1060 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066619232","display_name":"Bernhard Lendl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-5842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Lendl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien (TUW), 1060 Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien (TUW), 1060 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000039802","display_name":"Krzysztof M\u0142ynarczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-0574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152791","display_name":"Vigo System (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k2ek264","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof M\u0142ynarczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028305386","display_name":"Aleksandra Sosna-G\u0142\u0119bska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5637-130X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152791","display_name":"Vigo System (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k2ek264","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandra Sosna-G\u0142\u0119bska","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041169359","display_name":"Artur Trajnerowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-4756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152791","display_name":"Vigo System (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k2ek264","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artur Trajnerowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018009338","display_name":"J. Pawluczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2316-2136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152791","display_name":"Vigo System (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k2ek264","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaros\u0142aw Pawluczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052528087","display_name":"Mateusz \u017bbik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-0402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152791","display_name":"Vigo System (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k2ek264","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateusz \u017bbik","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067028885","display_name":"Jacek Ku\u0142akowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152791","display_name":"Vigo System (Poland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k2ek264","country_code":"PL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacek Ku\u0142akowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIGO Systems SA (VIGO), 05-850 O\u017car\u00f3w Mazowiecki, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010773683","display_name":"Panagiotis Georgiadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-1095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111147","display_name":"Alpes Lasers (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nms9j09","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111147"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Georgiadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alpes Lasers SA (ALPES), 2072 St Blaise, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alpes Lasers SA (ALPES), 2072 St Blaise, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031678311","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Blaser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7579-0148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111147","display_name":"Alpes Lasers (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nms9j09","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111147"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"St\u00e9phane Blaser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alpes Lasers SA (ALPES), 2072 St Blaise, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alpes Lasers SA (ALPES), 2072 St Blaise, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030419398","display_name":"Nicola Bazzurro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140796","display_name":"Iren Acqua Gas (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04z08rc02","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140796"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Bazzurro","raw_affiliation_strings":["IREN Gruppo S.p.A. (IREN), 16138 Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IREN Gruppo S.p.A. (IREN), 16138 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140796"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":25,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033117805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174458059"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.2832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79199475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.7086307406425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5885436534881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5610997080802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.555534839630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4939790368080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4912986159324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetector","display_name":"Photodetector","score":0.4861395061016083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.46440601348876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4564083516597748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.4225209355354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vernier-scale","display_name":"Vernier scale","score":0.415498822927475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3538009524345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3299403190612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3229506015777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28341034054756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2266852855682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14793172478675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1347980499267578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.7086307406425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5885436534881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5610997080802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.555534839630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4939790368080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4912986159324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.4861395061016083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.46440601348876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4564083516597748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.4225209355354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69710193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14946576","display_name":"Vernier scale","level":2,"score":0.415498822927475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3538009524345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3299403190612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3229506015777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28341034054756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2266852855682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14793172478675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1347980499267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/33/pdf?version=1545884384","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30583457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30583457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:787dbca1dadc4b42b8e979644e72a1e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/787dbca1dadc4b42b8e979644e72a1e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 1, p 33 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5322861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6339088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/1/33/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6339088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6339088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3667610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3667610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19010033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/1/33/pdf?version=1545884384","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G308720960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"731778","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2906174695.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2906174695.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W632052777","https://openalex.org/W1602307023","https://openalex.org/W1969322517","https://openalex.org/W1971252295","https://openalex.org/W1983461897","https://openalex.org/W1985375464","https://openalex.org/W1986637890","https://openalex.org/W1989245897","https://openalex.org/W2030838145","https://openalex.org/W2032306777","https://openalex.org/W2050828167","https://openalex.org/W2050953128","https://openalex.org/W2059110523","https://openalex.org/W2069308255","https://openalex.org/W2079818745","https://openalex.org/W2080078586","https://openalex.org/W2085200372","https://openalex.org/W2093195025","https://openalex.org/W2147521774","https://openalex.org/W2152093511","https://openalex.org/W2159737140","https://openalex.org/W2186573364","https://openalex.org/W2417430027","https://openalex.org/W2586171209","https://openalex.org/W2630576513","https://openalex.org/W2761441619","https://openalex.org/W2790406363","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W6716966913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054844037","https://openalex.org/W2069827955","https://openalex.org/W3158414702","https://openalex.org/W3083903997","https://openalex.org/W3007479161","https://openalex.org/W2120912680","https://openalex.org/W2336125833","https://openalex.org/W3022509112","https://openalex.org/W4255522324","https://openalex.org/W2065157053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"WaterSpy,":[5],"a":[6],"project":[7],"developing":[8],"an":[9],"innovative,":[10],"compact,":[11],"cost-effective":[12],"photonic":[13],"device":[14],"for":[15],"pervasive":[16],"water":[17],"quality":[18],"sensing,":[19],"operating":[20],"in":[21,95],"the":[22,29,38,79,82,85,90,92,103,109,112,116],"mid-IR":[23],"spectral":[24],"range.":[25],"The":[26,76],"approach":[27],"combines":[28],"use":[30,93],"of":[31,89,111,115],"advanced":[32],"Quantum":[33],"Cascade":[34],"Lasers":[35],"(QCLs)":[36],"employing":[37],"Vernier":[39],"effect,":[40],"used":[41,56],"as":[42,57],"light":[43],"source,":[44],"with":[45],"novel,":[46],"fibre-coupled,":[47],"fast":[48],"and":[49,67,72],"sensitive":[50],"Higher":[51],"Operation":[52],"Temperature":[53],"(HOT)":[54],"photodetectors,":[55],"sensors.":[58],"These":[59],"will":[60,98],"be":[61,99],"complemented":[62],"by":[63],"optimised":[64],"laser":[65,70],"driving":[66],"detector":[68],"electronics,":[69],"modulation":[71],"signal":[73],"conditioning":[74],"technologies.":[75],"paper":[77],"presents":[78],"WaterSpy":[80],"concept,":[81],"requirements":[83],"elicited,":[84],"preliminary":[86],"architecture":[87],"design":[88],"device,":[91],"cases":[94],"which":[96],"it":[97],"validated,":[100],"while":[101],"highlighting":[102],"innovative":[104],"technologies":[105],"that":[106],"contribute":[107],"to":[108],"advancement":[110],"current":[113],"state":[114],"art.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}