{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902962716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124231","title":"Behaviour of Hybrid Steel and FRP-Reinforced Concrete\u2014ECC Composite Columns under Reversed Cyclic Loading","display_name":"Behaviour of Hybrid Steel and FRP-Reinforced Concrete\u2014ECC Composite Columns under Reversed Cyclic Loading","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902962716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124231","mag":"2902962716","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30513845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18124231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4231/pdf?version=1543919660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4231/pdf?version=1543919660","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101722932","display_name":"Fang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-0598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430200","display_name":"Liping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-8533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060397728","display_name":"Mengcheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-4313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengcheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038847457","display_name":"Kaicheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8958-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaicheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060397728","https://openalex.org/A5101722932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3589,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81874935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"12","first_page":"4231","last_page":"4231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibre-reinforced-plastic","display_name":"Fibre-reinforced plastic","score":0.9092433452606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7726285457611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-hinge","display_name":"Plastic hinge","score":0.7479954361915588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ductility","display_name":"Ductility (Earth science)","score":0.7227389812469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"Flexural strength","score":0.6715298891067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.5685187578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-tensile-strength","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","score":0.5518923997879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.5516989827156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hinge","display_name":"Hinge","score":0.5288820266723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.49965381622314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.46646109223365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforced-concrete","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","score":0.25117945671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creep","display_name":"Creep","score":0.08177894353866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0631045401096344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76344452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263125","display_name":"Fibre-reinforced plastic","level":2,"score":0.9092433452606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7726285457611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778510302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202083","display_name":"Plastic hinge","level":3,"score":0.7479954361915588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5311608","display_name":"Ductility (Earth science)","level":3,"score":0.7227389812469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.6715298891067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5685187578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.5518923997879028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5516989827156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44000306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244330","display_name":"Hinge","level":2,"score":0.5288820266723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.49965381622314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.46646109223365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988805333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184190","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","level":2,"score":0.25117945671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149912024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462188","display_name":"Creep","level":2,"score":0.08177894353866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0631045401096344}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18124231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4231/pdf?version=1543919660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30513845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30513845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ce79af081107455f98d54f4ba236b4bf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ce79af081107455f98d54f4ba236b4bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 12, p 4231 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5292232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6308844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/12/4231/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6308844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6308844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18124231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4231/pdf?version=1543919660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6866564426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51608199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902962716.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902962716.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299242395","https://openalex.org/W588749043","https://openalex.org/W642988675","https://openalex.org/W1923837611","https://openalex.org/W1967378463","https://openalex.org/W1970254406","https://openalex.org/W1973256876","https://openalex.org/W1980431363","https://openalex.org/W2015886445","https://openalex.org/W2019507614","https://openalex.org/W2035920643","https://openalex.org/W2041151100","https://openalex.org/W2044473872","https://openalex.org/W2056700809","https://openalex.org/W2064758544","https://openalex.org/W2072466687","https://openalex.org/W2075408081","https://openalex.org/W2118213139","https://openalex.org/W2131898799","https://openalex.org/W2139588501","https://openalex.org/W2277341754","https://openalex.org/W2523656045","https://openalex.org/W2763983481","https://openalex.org/W2794709512","https://openalex.org/W2883425273","https://openalex.org/W2884886011","https://openalex.org/W2892897870","https://openalex.org/W2900411927","https://openalex.org/W6610680492","https://openalex.org/W6621013208","https://openalex.org/W6640056170","https://openalex.org/W6677621421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016890689","https://openalex.org/W4213258915","https://openalex.org/W2592110612","https://openalex.org/W160441423","https://openalex.org/W2555659053","https://openalex.org/W2773697753","https://openalex.org/W2017451488","https://openalex.org/W4312180324","https://openalex.org/W618579864","https://openalex.org/W2899634882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fibre-reinforced":[0],"polymer":[1],"(FRP)":[2],"is":[3],"used":[4],"widely":[5],"in":[6,142,175],"concrete":[7,22,38,130,172],"structures":[8],"owing":[9,28,47,88],"to":[10,29,48,89,115],"its":[11],"noncorrosive,":[12],"light-weight,":[13],"nonmagnetic,":[14],"and":[15,43,82,120,156,189,194],"high":[16],"tensile-strength":[17],"properties.":[18],"However,":[19],"the":[20,30,49,61,65,77,90,116,143,148,161,169,176,182,192,197],"FRP-reinforced":[21],"flexural":[23,68,81],"member":[24],"exhibits":[25],"low":[26],"ductility":[27,44,195],"linear\u207belastic":[31],"property":[32],"of":[33,52,64,94,103,139,160,171,185,196],"FRP":[34,95,186],"reinforcement.":[35,54],"Hybrid":[36],"steel-FRP-reinforced":[37,67,105,129],"members":[39,78],"exhibit":[40],"good":[41],"strength":[42,193],"under":[45,79,123],"flexure":[46],"inelastic":[50],"deformation":[51],"steel":[53],"The":[55,127,137],"existing":[56],"investigations":[57],"have":[58,73],"focused":[59],"on":[60,76,147],"mechanical":[62],"behaviours":[63],"hybrid":[66,104,128],"members.":[69],"Only":[70],"few":[71],"studies":[72],"been":[74],"reported":[75],"combined":[80],"compression":[83],"loads,":[84],"such":[85],"as":[86],"columns,":[87],"poor":[91],"compressive":[92],"behaviour":[93],"bars.":[96],"We":[97,166],"herein":[98],"propose":[99],"a":[100],"new":[101],"type":[102,141],"concrete-engineered":[106],"cementitious":[107],"composite":[108,110],"(ECC)":[109],"column":[111,131,198],"with":[112,173],"ECC":[113,174],"applied":[114],"plastic":[117,144,177],"hinge":[118,145,178],"region":[119,146],"tested":[121,134],"it":[122],"reversed":[124],"cyclic":[125],"loading.":[126],"was":[132],"also":[133],"for":[135],"comparison.":[136],"influence":[138],"matrix":[140],"failure":[149],"mode,":[150],"crack":[151],"pattern,":[152],"ultimate":[153],"strength,":[154],"ductility,":[155],"energy":[157],"dissipation":[158],"capacity,":[159],"columns":[162],"were":[163],"evaluated":[164],"systematically.":[165],"found":[167],"that":[168],"substitution":[170],"zone":[179],"can":[180],"prevent":[181],"local":[183],"buckling":[184],"bars":[187],"efficiently,":[188],"subsequently":[190],"improve":[191],"substantially.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
