{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903388419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124206","title":"Comparison of Different Feature Sets for TLS Point Cloud Classification","display_name":"Comparison of Different Feature Sets for TLS Point Cloud Classification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903388419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124206","mag":"2903388419","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30513665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18124206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4206/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4206/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689370","display_name":"Quan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-0734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110709899","display_name":"Xiaojun Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100689370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.0986,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74017614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"12","first_page":"4206","last_page":"4206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8188484311103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6427594423294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6375682353973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6271449327468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6036885976791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5632820129394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.548339307308197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.513587236404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.47589409351348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46554669737815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.42257702350616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22953438758850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12293031811714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.080436110496521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8188484311103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6427594423294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6375682353973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6271449327468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6036885976791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5632820129394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.548339307308197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.513587236404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47589409351348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46554669737815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.42257702350616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22953438758850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12293031811714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.080436110496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18124206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4206/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30513665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30513665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:809aaee9fdbd4282bf8a136350dbda6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/809aaee9fdbd4282bf8a136350dbda6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 12, p 4206 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5292139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6308685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/12/4206/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6308685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6308685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18124206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4206/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5160381998","display_name":"LiDAR\u540e\u5411\u6563\u5c04\u56de\u6ce2\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u6821\u6b63\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41671449","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903388419.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903388419.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1239585782","https://openalex.org/W1984579500","https://openalex.org/W1986522259","https://openalex.org/W1993457928","https://openalex.org/W1994699846","https://openalex.org/W2001563151","https://openalex.org/W2029597490","https://openalex.org/W2033863690","https://openalex.org/W2057065983","https://openalex.org/W2075833635","https://openalex.org/W2077506631","https://openalex.org/W2086461898","https://openalex.org/W2099346911","https://openalex.org/W2113551198","https://openalex.org/W2133916729","https://openalex.org/W2135249503","https://openalex.org/W2302538754","https://openalex.org/W2395466322","https://openalex.org/W2473418274","https://openalex.org/W2477817637","https://openalex.org/W2480826066","https://openalex.org/W2595640798","https://openalex.org/W2596873134","https://openalex.org/W2652456742","https://openalex.org/W2738539848","https://openalex.org/W2801741917","https://openalex.org/W2804872164","https://openalex.org/W2804937815","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W6664765077","https://openalex.org/W6741587468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389574804","https://openalex.org/W3016928466","https://openalex.org/W2936725271","https://openalex.org/W3150655618","https://openalex.org/W3108295644","https://openalex.org/W1578717197","https://openalex.org/W2626737336","https://openalex.org/W2005998065","https://openalex.org/W2980582925","https://openalex.org/W2565656575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Point":[0],"cloud":[1,11,41,79],"classification":[2,26,66,95,170],"is":[3,130],"an":[4],"essential":[5],"requirement":[6],"for":[7,76,126],"effectively":[8],"utilizing":[9],"point":[10,40,78,98],"data":[12,150],"acquired":[13],"by":[14],"Terrestrial":[15],"laser":[16],"scanning":[17],"(TLS).":[18],"Neighborhood":[19],"selection,":[20],"feature":[21],"selection":[22,44],"and":[23,25,45,54,81,92,108,158,180],"extraction,":[24],"of":[27,39,51,57,89,142,175],"points":[28],"based":[29,113],"on":[30,65,94,114,147],"the":[31,35,49,55,87,103,120,132,163,169,173,186],"respective":[32],"features":[33,59,72,110,135,144,160,165,183],"constitute":[34],"commonly":[36],"used":[37,75],"workflow":[38],"classification.":[42],"Feature":[43],"extraction":[46],"has":[47,60],"been":[48],"focus":[50],"many":[52],"studies,":[53,70],"choice":[56],"different":[58,140],"had":[61],"a":[62,83,115],"great":[63],"impact":[64],"results.":[67,171],"In":[68,100,118],"previous":[69],"geometric":[71,104,164,176],"were":[73,111,136,145],"widely":[74],"TLS":[77,97],"classification,":[80],"only":[82],"few":[84],"studies":[85],"investigated":[86],"potential":[88],"both":[90,156],"intensity":[91,109,122,134,159,182],"color":[93,106,157,178],"using":[96],"cloud.":[99],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"features,":[105,107,177,179],"extracted":[112],"supervoxel":[116],"neighborhood.":[117],"addition,":[119],"original":[121],"was":[123],"also":[124,137],"corrected":[125,133,181],"range":[127],"effect,":[128],"which":[129],"why":[131],"extracted.":[138],"The":[139],"combinations":[141],"these":[143],"tested":[146],"four":[148],"real-world":[149],"sets.":[151],"Experimental":[152],"results":[153],"demonstrate":[154],"that":[155],"can":[161],"complement":[162],"to":[166],"help":[167],"improve":[168],"Furthermore,":[172],"combination":[174],"together":[184],"achieves":[185],"highest":[187],"accuracy":[188],"in":[189],"our":[190],"test.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}