{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901870718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18114081","title":"A Handheld Real-Time Photoacoustic Imaging System for Animal Neurological Disease Models: From Simulation to Realization","display_name":"A Handheld Real-Time Photoacoustic Imaging System for Animal Neurological Disease Models: From Simulation to Realization","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901870718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18114081","mag":"2901870718","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30469455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18114081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18114081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/4081/pdf?version=1542872464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/4081/pdf?version=1542872464","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091053640","display_name":"Yu-Hang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4770-0696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Hang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101076933","display_name":"Yu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore","Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054022377","display_name":"Lun\u2010De Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2601-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165441096","display_name":"National Health Research Institutes","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6fpx29","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165441096"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lun-De Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan","Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2601-3673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165441096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100866034","display_name":"Kim Chuan Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim Chuan Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088964967","display_name":"Nitish V. Thakor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-9395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitish V. Thakor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore","Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091053640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8305,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69718558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"11","first_page":"4081","last_page":"4081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10958","display_name":"Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.8703752756118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoacoustic-imaging-in-biomedicine","display_name":"Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","score":0.6925873756408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5125422477722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46848997473716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3567624092102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33831173181533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18025121092796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1605488359928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09597477316856384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.8703752756118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54932901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187705","display_name":"Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.6925873756408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5125422477722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46848997473716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3567624092102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33831173181533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18025121092796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1605488359928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09597477316856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18114081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18114081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/4081/pdf?version=1542872464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30469455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30469455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/175131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/175131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Unpaywall 20200831","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:de81d54535b643998fb72883a60e5237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/de81d54535b643998fb72883a60e5237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 11, p 4081 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5257915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6263979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/11/4081/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18114081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6263979","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6263979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18114081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18114081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/4081/pdf?version=1542872464","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320698","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2901870718.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2901870718.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W762873098","https://openalex.org/W765678508","https://openalex.org/W1985309130","https://openalex.org/W1985583642","https://openalex.org/W1995583204","https://openalex.org/W2002939220","https://openalex.org/W2012723987","https://openalex.org/W2016978667","https://openalex.org/W2021750959","https://openalex.org/W2058252220","https://openalex.org/W2062380065","https://openalex.org/W2063201663","https://openalex.org/W2071035608","https://openalex.org/W2071070586","https://openalex.org/W2080632732","https://openalex.org/W2087958594","https://openalex.org/W2092187231","https://openalex.org/W2097689438","https://openalex.org/W2101507621","https://openalex.org/W2116495081","https://openalex.org/W2134292717","https://openalex.org/W2151374140","https://openalex.org/W2155836470","https://openalex.org/W2156750191","https://openalex.org/W2170005186","https://openalex.org/W2171221778","https://openalex.org/W2332381518","https://openalex.org/W2346450735","https://openalex.org/W2467703279","https://openalex.org/W2508966439","https://openalex.org/W2517490161","https://openalex.org/W2530096782","https://openalex.org/W2560797911","https://openalex.org/W2584430361","https://openalex.org/W2586662776","https://openalex.org/W2591856330","https://openalex.org/W2761415206","https://openalex.org/W2844026345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2079911747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,9,93,95,100],"guide":[4],"to":[5,18,35,64,82],"design":[6],"and":[7,28,70,158,164],"build":[8],"handheld,":[10],"real-time":[11],"photoacoustic":[12],"(PA)":[13],"imaging":[14,86],"system":[15,38,116,183],"from":[16],"simulation":[17,60],"realization":[19],"for":[20,39,186],"animal":[21,121],"neurological":[22],"disease":[23,188],"models.":[24],"A":[25],"pulsed":[26],"laser":[27,54],"array-based":[29],"ultrasound":[30],"(US)":[31],"platform":[32],"were":[33,62,79],"utilized":[34],"develop":[36],"the":[37,53,84,89,113,133,149,153,172],"evaluating":[40],"vascular":[41,191],"functions":[42],"in":[43,74,103,119,178,190],"rats":[44],"with":[45,108],"focal":[46],"ischemia":[47,122,141],"or":[48],"subcutaneous":[49,146,173],"tumors.":[50],"To":[51],"optimize":[52],"light":[55,68],"delivery,":[56],"finite":[57],"element":[58],"(FE)-based":[59],"models":[61],"developed":[63],"provide":[65],"information":[66],"regarding":[67],"propagation":[69],"PA":[71,96,115,169],"wave":[72],"generation":[73],"soft":[75],"tissues.":[76],"Besides,":[77],"simulations":[78],"also":[80,176],"conducted":[81],"evaluate":[83],"ideal":[85],"resolution":[87],"of":[88,99,112,152,171],"US":[90],"system.":[91],"As":[92],"result,":[94],"C-scan":[97],"image":[98],"designed":[101],"phantom":[102],"1%":[104],"Lipofundin":[105],"was":[106,117],"reconstructed":[107],"depth":[109],"information.":[110],"Performance":[111],"handheld":[114],"tested":[118],"an":[120],"model,":[123],"which":[124],"revealed":[125],"that":[126],"cerebral":[127],"blood":[128],"volume":[129],"(CBV)":[130],"changes":[131],"at":[132],"cortical":[134],"surface":[135],"could":[136],"be":[137],"monitored":[138],"immediately":[139],"after":[140],"induction.":[142],"Another":[143],"experiment":[144],"on":[145],"tumors":[147,174],"showed":[148],"anomalous":[150],"distribution":[151],"total":[154],"hemoglobin":[155],"concentration":[156],"(HbT)":[157],"oxygen":[159],"saturation":[160],"(SO\u2082),":[161],"while":[162],"3D":[163],"maximum":[165],"intensity":[166],"projection":[167],"(MIP)":[168],"images":[170],"are":[175],"presented":[177],"this":[179,182],"article.":[180],"Overall,":[181],"shows":[184],"promise":[185],"monitoring":[187],"progression":[189],"functional":[192],"impairments.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}