{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900876719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113955","title":"A Batteryless, Wireless Strain Sensor Using Resonant Frequency Modulation","display_name":"A Batteryless, Wireless Strain Sensor Using Resonant Frequency Modulation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900876719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113955","mag":"2900876719","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30445701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3955/pdf?version=1542268856","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3955/pdf?version=1542268856","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086863279","display_name":"Kyeong Jae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-3312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeong Jae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021698897","display_name":"Namsun Chou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-2690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namsun Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for BioMicroSystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for BioMicroSystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411754","display_name":"Sohee Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4926-8978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sohee Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100411754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.0028,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75076412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"11","first_page":"3955","last_page":"3955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10660","display_name":"Conducting polymers and applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6982253789901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductance","display_name":"Inductance","score":0.6708511114120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicone-rubber","display_name":"Silicone rubber","score":0.6680870652198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain","display_name":"Strain (injury)","score":0.5920093655586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5670592784881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.514765739440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.47527021169662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.46757984161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.43982699513435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4362823963165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.41044333577156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3858102858066559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.23087334632873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.20150339603424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1786523163318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17643171548843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1704985499382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11963734030723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10609114170074463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6982253789901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.6708511114120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776290925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115245","display_name":"Silicone rubber","level":2,"score":0.6680870652198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.5920093655586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5670592784881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.514765739440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47527021169662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.46757984161376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.43982699513435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4362823963165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.41044333577156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3858102858066559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.23087334632873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.20150339603424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1786523163318634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17643171548843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1704985499382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11963734030723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10609114170074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3955/pdf?version=1542268856","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30445701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30445701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:56b5dee255d9426d830cb8ed02637f39","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/56b5dee255d9426d830cb8ed02637f39","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 11, p 3955 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5258000","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6264095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/11/3955/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6264095","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6264095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3955/pdf?version=1542268856","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3832073883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1A2B2004598","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7344898014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017M3A9E2056463","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900876719.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900876719.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479983602","https://openalex.org/W1534426990","https://openalex.org/W1590095562","https://openalex.org/W1869275603","https://openalex.org/W1981363934","https://openalex.org/W1982839105","https://openalex.org/W2006266746","https://openalex.org/W2018008910","https://openalex.org/W2023415963","https://openalex.org/W2034223731","https://openalex.org/W2046423908","https://openalex.org/W2064870577","https://openalex.org/W2082800601","https://openalex.org/W2140659918","https://openalex.org/W2157426451","https://openalex.org/W2272984102","https://openalex.org/W2315744054","https://openalex.org/W2322559250","https://openalex.org/W2395737866","https://openalex.org/W2582553065","https://openalex.org/W2735042525","https://openalex.org/W2917869996","https://openalex.org/W3109375267","https://openalex.org/W4244507601","https://openalex.org/W4248233343","https://openalex.org/W6628621642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387474130","https://openalex.org/W2004723848","https://openalex.org/W2086788376","https://openalex.org/W2093157008","https://openalex.org/W1518527075","https://openalex.org/W2162174235","https://openalex.org/W2054254129","https://openalex.org/W2143773860","https://openalex.org/W2068642629","https://openalex.org/W2012415775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,100],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"we":[3],"demonstrated":[4,144],"the":[5,29,50,64,67,84,87,90,95,104,107,128,147],"feasibility":[6],"of":[7,63,69,86,97,106],"a":[8,26,35,42,160],"wireless":[9,21,70],"strain":[10,85,105],"sensor":[11,30,65,88,108],"using":[12,79,146],"resonant":[13,51,98,129],"frequency":[14,52,130],"modulation":[15,96],"through":[16],"tensile":[17],"impedance":[18],"test":[19],"and":[20,66,77,127],"sensing":[22,71],"test.":[23],"To":[24],"achieve":[25],"high":[27,39,46],"stretchability,":[28,47],"was":[31,116,131,143],"fabricated":[32],"by":[33,125,140],"embedding":[34],"copper":[36],"wire":[37],"with":[38,45],"conductivity":[40],"in":[41,48,59,94],"silicone":[43],"rubber":[44],"which":[49],"can":[53],"be":[54,155],"modulated":[55],"according":[56],"to":[57,112,121,136,152,159],"changes":[58],"strain.":[60],"The":[61],"characteristics":[62],"behavior":[68],"were":[72],"calculated":[73],"based":[74],"on":[75],"equations":[76],"simulated":[78],"finite":[80],"element":[81],"method.":[82],"As":[83],"increased,":[89,92],"inductance":[91,115],"resulting":[93],"frequency.":[99],"experimental":[101],"measurement,":[102],"as":[103],"increased":[109,117],"from":[110,118,133],"0%":[111],"110%,":[113],"its":[114],"192":[119],"nH":[120],"220":[122],"nH,":[123],"changed":[124],"14.5%,":[126],"shifted":[132],"13.56":[134],"MHz":[135],"12.72":[137],"MHz,":[138],"decreased":[139],"6.2%.":[141],"It":[142],"that":[145],"proposed":[148],"sensor,":[149],"strains":[150],"up":[151,158],"110%":[153],"could":[154],"detected":[156],"wirelessly":[157],"few":[161],"centimeters.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}