{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900143362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113785","title":"BeeKeeper 2.0: Confidential Blockchain-Enabled IoT System with Fully Homomorphic Computation","display_name":"BeeKeeper 2.0: Confidential Blockchain-Enabled IoT System with Fully Homomorphic Computation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900143362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113785","mag":"2900143362","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30400673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113785","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3785/pdf?version=1541503835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3785/pdf?version=1541503835","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102971175","display_name":"Lijing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-2669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-2669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736219","display_name":"Licheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-1897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047381032","display_name":"Tianyi Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1342-8279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-4129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083271889","display_name":"Yiru Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4864-1811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiru Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100736219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.4544,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98025638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"11","first_page":"3785","last_page":"3785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.9166814088821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7912394404411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7689743041992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plaintext","display_name":"Plaintext","score":0.6537562012672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.5727633833885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5351738929748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49202772974967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.48769769072532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.48552370071411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.44314712285995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.30937451124191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0833740234375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.9166814088821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7912394404411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7689743041992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92717368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162538","display_name":"Plaintext","level":3,"score":0.6537562012672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.5727633833885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5351738929748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49202772974967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.48769769072532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.48552370071411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44314712285995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30937451124191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0833740234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113785","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3785/pdf?version=1541503835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30400673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30400673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:42c9300066354680b1b30df7914bde8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/42c9300066354680b1b30df7914bde8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 11, p 3785 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5257721","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6263686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/11/3785/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6263686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6263686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113785","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3785/pdf?version=1541503835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1828939893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018CXGC0701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2486334510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61502048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3051456368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0800602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084938727","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0800602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8652978757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018CXGC0701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900143362.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900143362.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493159015","https://openalex.org/W1504695911","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2131949595","https://openalex.org/W2523077978","https://openalex.org/W2604096638","https://openalex.org/W2606467208","https://openalex.org/W2606736869","https://openalex.org/W2611626082","https://openalex.org/W2621040166","https://openalex.org/W2753962503","https://openalex.org/W2757817063","https://openalex.org/W2794886172","https://openalex.org/W2805590110","https://openalex.org/W2807792246","https://openalex.org/W2808656692","https://openalex.org/W2809107162","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2902976259","https://openalex.org/W2964250737","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4255535209","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W6633001808","https://openalex.org/W6771133314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W3028898974","https://openalex.org/W2969350772","https://openalex.org/W2384844478","https://openalex.org/W4386907889","https://openalex.org/W3192883662","https://openalex.org/W4388894064","https://openalex.org/W2912162584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain-enabled":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,20,68,115,126,139,150,158],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"systems":[5],"have":[6],"received":[7],"extensive":[8],"attention":[9],"from":[10,31,60,144],"academia":[11],"and":[12,82,136,179,197],"industry.":[13],"Most":[14],"previous":[15],"constructions":[16],"face":[17],"the":[18,25,32,50,61,66,69,75,89,95,99,113,120,148,151,159,169,190,194,209],"risk":[19],"leaking":[21],"sensitive":[22],"information":[23],"since":[24],"servers":[26,51,76,84,125],"can":[27,52,85,131],"obtain":[28,78],"plaintext":[29,80,156],"data":[30,59,62,70,90,143,157],"devices.":[33,160],"To":[34,112],"address":[35],"this":[36,39,73,118],"issue,":[37],"in":[38,98,123],"paper,":[40],"we":[41,93,162],"propose":[42],"a":[43,104,127,164],"decentralized":[44],"outsourcing":[45],"computation":[46],"(DOC)":[47],"scheme,":[48],"where":[49],"perform":[53,132],"fully":[54],"homomorphic":[55,134],"computations":[56],"on":[57,141,176],"encrypted":[58,142],"owner":[63],"according":[64,146],"to":[65,102,147,187],"request":[67,195],"owner.":[71,91],"In":[72],"process,":[74],"cannot":[77],"any":[79,137,155],"data,":[81],"dishonest":[83],"be":[86],"detected":[87],"by":[88,173],"Then,":[92],"apply":[94],"DOC":[96],"scheme":[97],"IoT":[100,107,129],"scenario":[101],"achieve":[103],"confidential":[105],"blockchain-enabled":[106,128],"system,":[108],"called":[109],"BeeKeeper":[110,170],"2.0.":[111],"best":[114],"our":[116,188],"knowledge,":[117],"is":[119,200],"first":[121],"work":[122],"which":[124,206],"system":[130,172],"any-degree":[133],"multiplications":[135],"number":[138],"additions":[140],"devices":[145,152],"requests":[149],"without":[153],"obtaining":[154],"Finally,":[161],"provide":[163],"detailed":[165],"performance":[166,184],"evaluation":[167],"for":[168,183],"2.0":[171],"deploying":[174],"it":[175],"Hyperledger":[177,181],"Fabric":[178],"using":[180],"Caliper":[182],"testing.":[185],"According":[186],"tests,":[189],"time":[191],"consumed":[192],"between":[193],"stage":[196,199],"recover":[198],"no":[201],"more":[202],"than":[203],"3.3":[204],"s,":[205],"theoretically":[207],"satisfies":[208],"production":[210],"needs.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}