{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899477579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113715","title":"Application of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter to Analyse the Performance of the Hydraulic Agitation System of an Agricultural Sprayer","display_name":"Application of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter to Analyse the Performance of the Hydraulic Agitation System of an Agricultural Sprayer","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899477579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113715","mag":"2899477579","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30388733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113715","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3715/pdf?version=1544770986","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3715/pdf?version=1544770986","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076760038","display_name":"F. Javier Garc\u00eda-Ramos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-1934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F. Javier Garc\u00eda-Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-1934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028934489","display_name":"Jorge Badules","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Badules","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062677330","display_name":"Antonio Bon\u00e9","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Bon\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023489195","display_name":"Emilio Gil Moya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3929-5649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Agroalimentaria y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3929-5649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Agroalimentaria y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101543635","display_name":"A. Aguirre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-3361"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Javier Aguirre","raw_affiliation_strings":["CPIFP Montearag\u00f3n, 22071 Huesca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-3361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CPIFP Montearag\u00f3n, 22071 Huesca, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008371516","display_name":"Mariano Vidal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-8310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Vidal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076760038"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.6855,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87695261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"11","first_page":"3715","last_page":"3715"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12161","display_name":"Plant Surface Properties and Treatments","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12161","display_name":"Plant Surface Properties and Treatments","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12163","display_name":"Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sprayer","display_name":"Sprayer","score":0.9564830660820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nozzle","display_name":"Nozzle","score":0.8733054995536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5214047431945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.5127819180488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-fluid","display_name":"Working fluid","score":0.44694679975509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3478407859802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24638846516609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2053312063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11969783902168274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778230297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141546","display_name":"Sprayer","level":2,"score":0.9564830660820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.8733054995536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5214047431945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.5127819180488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779301550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217236","display_name":"Working fluid","level":2,"score":0.44694679975509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3478407859802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24638846516609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2053312063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11969783902168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113715","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3715/pdf?version=1544770986","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30388733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30388733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:upcommonspor::07336834522ea7a4d7c81555b805ed13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/131591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/131591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/131591","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/131591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:06441f54de8f4272a9170e348597147f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/06441f54de8f4272a9170e348597147f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 11, p 3715 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5257999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6264094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/11/3715/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6264094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6264094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:79528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/79528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401812","display_name":"Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113715","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3715/pdf?version=1544770986","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899477579.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899477579.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1753171963","https://openalex.org/W1995684590","https://openalex.org/W2011028202","https://openalex.org/W2013258926","https://openalex.org/W2024444850","https://openalex.org/W2049330133","https://openalex.org/W2064948871","https://openalex.org/W2068791039","https://openalex.org/W2077900164","https://openalex.org/W2078466984","https://openalex.org/W2085403595","https://openalex.org/W2122722306","https://openalex.org/W2127012005","https://openalex.org/W2130900724","https://openalex.org/W2139912510","https://openalex.org/W2242252438","https://openalex.org/W2330681870","https://openalex.org/W2771764701","https://openalex.org/W6690145390","https://openalex.org/W6702572092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157963305","https://openalex.org/W2390262505","https://openalex.org/W2039078322","https://openalex.org/W2947228206","https://openalex.org/W1603021249","https://openalex.org/W2016809037","https://openalex.org/W2564066482","https://openalex.org/W2077817664","https://openalex.org/W236512189","https://openalex.org/W2792884730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0,76],"acoustic":[1],"Doppler":[2],"velocimeter":[3],"(ADV)":[4],"was":[5,36,86,152],"used":[6,172],"to":[7,88,154,173,181,185],"analyse":[8,89],"the":[9,22,46,49,63,90,111,126,148,160,167,175,195],"impact":[10],"of":[11,54,65,82,92,98,104,132,163,177,190],"an":[12,129,187],"agricultural":[13],"sprayer's":[14],"agitation":[15,34,77,178],"system":[16,35],"settings":[17],"on":[18],"fluid":[19,112,164],"velocities":[20,144],"inside":[21,45],"tank.":[23],"A":[24],"3000":[25,69],"L":[26],"capacity":[27,184],"sprayer":[28],"equipped":[29],"with":[30,79,116,121],"a":[31,80,96,156],"4-nozzle":[32],"hydraulic":[33],"used.":[37],"ADV":[38,151],"measurements":[39],"were":[40,145],"carried":[41],"at":[42],"32":[43],"points":[44],"tank":[47,64,99,127],"under":[48],"following":[50],"settings:":[51],"circuit":[52],"pressures":[53],"8,":[55],"10,":[56],"or":[57,68,72],"12":[58],"bar;":[59],"water":[60,123],"level":[61,101,124,189],"in":[62,125,166,194],"1000,":[66],"2000,":[67],"L;":[70],"2":[71],"4":[73],"active":[74,93,105,133,139,191],"nozzles.":[75,106,134],"test":[78],"concentration":[81,91,193],"0.4%":[83],"copper":[84],"oxychloride":[85],"employed":[87],"matter":[94,140,192],"as":[95],"function":[97],"fill":[100],"and":[102,128,180],"number":[103,131],"All":[107],"parameters":[108],"significantly":[109],"affected":[110],"velocity,":[113],"which":[114],"increased":[115,130],"increasing":[117,122],"pressure,":[118],"but":[119],"decreased":[120],"Concentration":[135],"tests":[136],"showed":[137],"greater":[138],"concentrations":[141],"when":[142],"higher":[143],"recorded":[146],"by":[147],"ADV.":[149],"The":[150],"shown":[153],"be":[155,171],"useful":[157],"tool":[158],"for":[159],"rapid":[161],"assessment":[162],"velocities;":[165],"future,":[168],"it":[169],"could":[170],"validate":[174],"design":[176],"systems,":[179],"estimate":[182],"their":[183],"ensure":[186],"adequate":[188],"fluid.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}