{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898230174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113623","title":"A Low-Cost Open Hardware System for Collecting Traffic Data Using Wi-Fi Signal Strength","display_name":"A Low-Cost Open Hardware System for Collecting Traffic Data Using Wi-Fi Signal Strength","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898230174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113623","mag":"2898230174","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30366415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113623","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3623/pdf?version=1540460108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3623/pdf?version=1540460108","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027428006","display_name":"Shivam Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-5435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shivam Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute For Geoinformatics, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-5435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute For Geoinformatics, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032753791","display_name":"Albert Hamzin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-4707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Hamzin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute For Geoinformatics, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-4707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute For Geoinformatics, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077176699","display_name":"Auriol Degbelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-8776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Auriol Degbelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute For Geoinformatics, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5087-8776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute For Geoinformatics, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027428006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81958767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"11","first_page":"3623","last_page":"3623"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.7276502847671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.6216059327125549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5918381810188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.5454748868942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5130678415298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.5027804374694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-car-data","display_name":"Floating car data","score":0.4752466678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46977847814559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-information-and-communication-system","display_name":"Vehicle Information and Communication System","score":0.44172993302345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-traffic","display_name":"Heavy traffic","score":0.42104238271713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3237460255622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3223991096019745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-traffic","display_name":"Road traffic","score":0.3004903197288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08963349461555481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.7276502847671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.6216059327125549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5918381810188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.5454748868942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5130678415298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.5027804374694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64093975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356677","display_name":"Floating car data","level":3,"score":0.4752466678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46977847814559937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146799927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420920","display_name":"Vehicle Information and Communication System","level":3,"score":0.44172993302345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017960815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592638","display_name":"Heavy traffic","level":2,"score":0.42104238271713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3237460255622864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3223991096019745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985695025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4323994","display_name":"Road traffic","level":2,"score":0.3004903197288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08963349461555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113623","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3623/pdf?version=1540460108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30366415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30366415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:073409ab69bd4cfa9333dcc71906b591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/073409ab69bd4cfa9333dcc71906b591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 11, p 3623 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5257718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6263683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/11/3623/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6263683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6263683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18113623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113623","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3623/pdf?version=1540460108","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1897787592","display_name":"Joint Doctorate in Geoinformatics - Enabling Open Cities","funder_award_id":"642332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","funder_display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898230174.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898230174.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586856407","https://openalex.org/W1497162466","https://openalex.org/W1972014385","https://openalex.org/W1979387426","https://openalex.org/W1997259914","https://openalex.org/W2008115886","https://openalex.org/W2008705190","https://openalex.org/W2012663675","https://openalex.org/W2078100061","https://openalex.org/W2091724360","https://openalex.org/W2103056119","https://openalex.org/W2108611194","https://openalex.org/W2121247918","https://openalex.org/W2121375117","https://openalex.org/W2122991569","https://openalex.org/W2134576786","https://openalex.org/W2135247979","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2151901570","https://openalex.org/W2156877698","https://openalex.org/W2166314175","https://openalex.org/W2258465644","https://openalex.org/W2275262393","https://openalex.org/W2512899907","https://openalex.org/W2523612895","https://openalex.org/W2529092722","https://openalex.org/W2599608495","https://openalex.org/W2618388852","https://openalex.org/W2740539299","https://openalex.org/W2750392475","https://openalex.org/W2750840446","https://openalex.org/W2754735364","https://openalex.org/W2761350362","https://openalex.org/W2808667219","https://openalex.org/W2883609154","https://openalex.org/W2884754247","https://openalex.org/W4243322127","https://openalex.org/W6682670434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375611392","https://openalex.org/W2005409769","https://openalex.org/W2945875309","https://openalex.org/W4389949262","https://openalex.org/W1964934390","https://openalex.org/W4385779953","https://openalex.org/W2898775471","https://openalex.org/W2972320057","https://openalex.org/W1669406372","https://openalex.org/W2346853505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"traffic":[1,35,47,135,141,170],"and":[2,13,56,77,103,139,151],"its":[3,146],"impacts":[4],"affect":[5],"various":[6],"aspects":[7],"of":[8,16,28,34,46,87,120,161],"wellbeing":[9],"with":[10,127],"safety,":[11],"congestion":[12],"pollution":[14],"being":[15],"significant":[17],"concern":[18],"in":[19,31,52,122,131,173],"cities.":[20,54,176],"Although":[21],"there":[22,38],"have":[23],"been":[24],"a":[25,62,74,84,99],"large":[26,75],"number":[27],"works":[29],"done":[30],"the":[32,44,53,88,108,123,128],"field":[33],"data":[36,48],"collection,":[37],"are":[39,116],"several":[40],"barriers":[41],"which":[42],"restrict":[43],"collection":[45],"at":[49,73],"higher":[50],"resolution":[51],"Installation":[55],"maintenance":[57],"costs":[58],"can":[59,155],"act":[60],"as":[61],"disincentive":[63],"to":[64,82,148,158],"use":[65],"existing":[66],"methods":[67],"(e.g.,":[68],"loop":[69],"detectors,":[70],"video":[71],"analysis)":[72],"scale":[76],"hence":[78],"limit":[79],"their":[80],"deployment":[81],"only":[83],"few":[85],"roads":[86,142],"city.":[89],"This":[90],"paper":[91],"presents":[92],"an":[93],"approach":[94],"for":[95,164],"vehicle":[96,162],"counting":[97],"using":[98],"low":[100],"cost,":[101],"simple":[102],"easily":[104],"installable":[105],"system.":[106],"In":[107],"proposed":[109],"system,":[110],"vehicles":[111],"(i.e.,":[112,136,143],"bicycles,":[113],"cars,":[114],"trucks)":[115],"counted":[117],"by":[118,168],"means":[119],"variations":[121],"WiFi":[124],"signals.":[125],"Experiments":[126],"developed":[129],"hardware":[130],"two":[132],"different":[133],"scenarios-low":[134],"400":[137],"objects)":[138],"heavy":[140],"1000":[144],"objects)-demonstrate":[145],"ability":[147],"detect":[149],"cars":[150],"trucks.":[152],"The":[153],"system":[154],"be":[156],"used":[157],"provide":[159],"estimates":[160],"numbers":[163],"streets":[165],"not":[166],"covered":[167],"official":[169],"monitoring":[171],"techniques":[172],"future":[174],"smart":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
