{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896589173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103579","title":"Voronoi Diagram and Crowdsourcing-Based Radio Map Interpolation for GRNN Fingerprinting Localization Using WLAN","display_name":"Voronoi Diagram and Crowdsourcing-Based Radio Map Interpolation for GRNN Fingerprinting Localization Using WLAN","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896589173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103579","mag":"2896589173","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30360418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18103579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103579","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3579/pdf?version=1540208930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3579/pdf?version=1540208930","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054890412","display_name":"Yongliang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-1557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongliang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-1557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025879107","display_name":"Yu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8157-0598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Optical Engineering &amp; College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Optical Engineering &amp; College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940082","display_name":"Weixiao Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-2866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixiao Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089320702","display_name":"Xinggan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-580X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinggan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054890412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.8997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74201951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"3579","last_page":"3579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voronoi-diagram","display_name":"Voronoi diagram","score":0.7709648013114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.6998482942581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.6946403980255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.6422070264816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6060137748718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.58503657579422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation-model","display_name":"Radio propagation model","score":0.5353320837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4815659821033478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi","display_name":"Wi-Fi","score":0.4132084250450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.396978497505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3794621527194977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3609234094619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.35357749462127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.2800145745277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19612190127372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11318314075469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08148598670959473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24881265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757267","display_name":"Voronoi diagram","level":2,"score":0.7709648013114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.6998482942581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.6946403980255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.6422070264816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6060137748718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.58503657579422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76843793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation model","level":3,"score":0.5353320837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4815659821033478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508800617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29643","display_name":"Wi-Fi","level":4,"score":0.4132084250450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.396978497505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3794621527194977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3609234094619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.35357749462127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2800145745277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19612190127372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11318314075469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08148598670959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18103579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103579","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3579/pdf?version=1540208930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30360418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30360418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5162123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6210647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6210647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6210647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dde45a10b8d14bf69b7087d1b4bbb2d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dde45a10b8d14bf69b7087d1b4bbb2d4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 10, p 3579 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/10/3579/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18103579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103579","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3579/pdf?version=1540208930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1593099854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16KJB510014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4164615784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5467032302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20171023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896589173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2896589173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506974941","https://openalex.org/W1546169424","https://openalex.org/W1967005434","https://openalex.org/W1974853808","https://openalex.org/W2003738415","https://openalex.org/W2005598601","https://openalex.org/W2005614662","https://openalex.org/W2028620601","https://openalex.org/W2033201034","https://openalex.org/W2036998483","https://openalex.org/W2085871825","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2103236029","https://openalex.org/W2127512805","https://openalex.org/W2130859118","https://openalex.org/W2139209876","https://openalex.org/W2140515734","https://openalex.org/W2143095760","https://openalex.org/W2149723649","https://openalex.org/W2151900910","https://openalex.org/W2162785138","https://openalex.org/W2166315077","https://openalex.org/W2170240475","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2218612607","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2293360944","https://openalex.org/W2309512289","https://openalex.org/W2332819805","https://openalex.org/W2337457909","https://openalex.org/W2470447572","https://openalex.org/W2520334853","https://openalex.org/W2546768448","https://openalex.org/W2563902996","https://openalex.org/W2570256512","https://openalex.org/W2593558916","https://openalex.org/W2594869629","https://openalex.org/W2728966245","https://openalex.org/W2741392919","https://openalex.org/W2760385851","https://openalex.org/W2770819677","https://openalex.org/W2774692875","https://openalex.org/W2809857320","https://openalex.org/W2836844976","https://openalex.org/W2963155518","https://openalex.org/W6688332515","https://openalex.org/W6698539447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386863870","https://openalex.org/W1984763551","https://openalex.org/W2081912951","https://openalex.org/W2012226585","https://openalex.org/W2375857191","https://openalex.org/W2383765745","https://openalex.org/W4210469120","https://openalex.org/W4234143396","https://openalex.org/W3105696715","https://openalex.org/W1536129689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,30,42,78,91,98,120,157,166],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"fingerprinting":[4,138,153],"localization":[5,49,139,143,154,167],"using":[6,77],"wireless":[7],"local":[8],"area":[9],"network":[10,114],"(WLAN)":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"paid":[14],"lots":[15],"of":[16,86,94],"attention.":[17],"However,":[18],"this":[19,52],"method":[20,68],"needs":[21],"to":[22,103,118,141,163],"establish":[23,104],"a":[24,35,57,105,110,137],"database":[25],"called":[26],"radio":[27,43,62,107,124,159],"map":[28,44,63,160],"in":[29,51],"off-line":[31],"stage,":[32],"which":[33],"is":[34,116,161],"labor-intensive":[36],"and":[37,47,60,83,89,122,129,133],"time-consuming":[38],"process.":[39],"To":[40],"save":[41],"establishment":[45],"cost":[46],"improve":[48,165],"performance,":[50],"paper,":[53],"we":[54],"first":[55],"propose":[56],"Voronoi":[58,75],"diagram":[59],"crowdsourcing-based":[61],"interpolation":[64,67,95,128],"method.":[65],"The":[66,145],"optimizes":[69],"propagation":[70,100],"model":[71,101],"parameters":[72,102],"for":[73],"each":[74],"cell":[76],"received":[79],"signal":[80],"strength":[81],"(RSS)":[82],"location":[84],"coordinates":[85],"crowdsourcing":[87],"points":[88,96],"estimates":[90],"RSS":[92],"samples":[93],"with":[97,156],"optimized":[99],"new":[106,121],"map.":[108],"Then":[109],"general":[111],"regression":[112],"neural":[113],"(GRNN)":[115],"employed":[117],"fuse":[119],"original":[123],"maps":[125],"established":[126],"through":[127],"manual":[130],"operation,":[131],"respectively,":[132],"also":[134],"used":[135],"as":[136],"algorithm":[140],"compute":[142],"coordinates.":[144],"experimental":[146],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149],"our":[150],"proposed":[151],"GRNN":[152],"system":[155],"fused":[158],"able":[162],"considerably":[164],"performance.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
