{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2897984083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103536","title":"On the Sparse Beamformer Design","display_name":"On the Sparse Beamformer Design","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2897984083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103536","mag":"2897984083","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30347678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18103536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103536","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3536/pdf?version=1539936374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3536/pdf?version=1539936374","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082884959","display_name":"Mingjie Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjie Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000 , China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080468416","display_name":"Ka Fai Cedric Yiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7523-4069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ka Fai Cedric Yiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7523-4069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023874572","display_name":"Sven Nordholm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-5328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Nordholm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-5328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080468416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12687255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"3536","last_page":"3536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.659232497215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6343367099761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.617183268070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5895652174949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5434312224388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5340769290924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter-design","display_name":"Filter design","score":0.430670827627182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3717275559902191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3273167014122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.05850452184677124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.659232497215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6343367099761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.617183268070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5895652174949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5434312224388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5340769290924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449227","display_name":"Filter design","level":3,"score":0.430670827627182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3717275559902191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3273167014122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.05850452184677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18103536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103536","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3536/pdf?version=1539936374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30347678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30347678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5162114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6210636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6210636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6210636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7138c300460749a490af3ca10d664934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7138c300460749a490af3ca10d664934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 10, p 3536 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/71572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/71572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401790","display_name":"eSpace (Curtin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","host_organization_name":"Curtin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/80280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/80280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/10/3536/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18103536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103536","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3536/pdf?version=1539936374","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1723011784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PolyU 152200/14E","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5166506087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4-ZZGS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5678454693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11801184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8641398561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11771157","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8840248893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4-ZZGS and G-YBVQ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2897984083.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2897984083.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525595134","https://openalex.org/W1624101316","https://openalex.org/W1978977754","https://openalex.org/W2049355922","https://openalex.org/W2061543907","https://openalex.org/W2084557437","https://openalex.org/W2087946897","https://openalex.org/W2091617443","https://openalex.org/W2099941063","https://openalex.org/W2101426223","https://openalex.org/W2107648471","https://openalex.org/W2113911013","https://openalex.org/W2121805595","https://openalex.org/W2124850064","https://openalex.org/W2142081360","https://openalex.org/W2144228966","https://openalex.org/W2145378225","https://openalex.org/W2146446045","https://openalex.org/W2161388130","https://openalex.org/W2169687753","https://openalex.org/W4231754467","https://openalex.org/W4249052411","https://openalex.org/W6665945371","https://openalex.org/W6678215967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390004645","https://openalex.org/W2369001708","https://openalex.org/W2029959729","https://openalex.org/W303963093","https://openalex.org/W1489991992","https://openalex.org/W1989175590","https://openalex.org/W2375632876","https://openalex.org/W2095558912","https://openalex.org/W2371859526","https://openalex.org/W148079815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"designing":[1],"acoustic":[2],"broadband":[3],"beamformers,":[4],"the":[5,11,16,26,33,42,45,84,92,95],"complexity":[6,93],"can":[7,35,47,73,98],"grow":[8],"significantly":[9,101],"when":[10],"number":[12],"of":[13,25,44,94],"microphones":[14],"and":[15,70],"filter":[17,27,71],"length":[18],"increase.":[19],"It":[20],"is":[21,65],"advantageous":[22],"if":[23],"many":[24],"coefficients":[28],"are":[29,56],"zeroes":[30],"so":[31],"that":[32,91],"implementation":[34],"be":[36,49,74,99],"executed":[37],"with":[38,102],"less":[39],"computation.":[40],"Moreover,":[41],"size":[43],"array":[46,68],"also":[48],"pruned":[50],"to":[51,82],"reduce":[52],"complexity.":[53],"These":[54],"problems":[55],"addressed":[57],"in":[58],"this":[59],"paper.":[60],"A":[61],"suitable":[62],"optimization":[63,80],"model":[64],"proposed.":[66],"Both":[67],"pruning":[69],"thinning":[72],"solved":[75],"together":[76],"as":[77],"a":[78],"two-stage":[79],"problem":[81],"yield":[83],"final":[85],"sparse":[86],"designs.":[87],"Numerical":[88],"results":[89],"show":[90],"designed":[96],"beamformers":[97],"reduced":[100],"minimal":[103],"effect":[104],"on":[105],"performance.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}